Determination of tetracyclines in human urine samples by capillary electrophoresis in combination with field amplified sample injection

Abstract

A sensitive method using CZE-UV detection has been developed for the determination of five tetracycline antibiotics in human urine samples. To improve the sensitivity of the method, an on-line preconcentration strategy, named field-amplified sample injection, has been developed, based on the electrokinetic injection of the sample, which requires only a 1:100 dilution with sample solvent before injection. Under optimum conditions, sensitivity enhancement factors ranged from 450 to 800 for the studied compounds. The applicability of the proposed method was demonstrated by the determination of these antibiotics in spiked urine samples. The limits of quantification were lower than 0.8 mg/L and the precision (intra- and inter-day), expressed as %RSD was below 14%. Recoveries ranged from 92.1 to 96.7%. Thus, the proposed procedure is a simple, fast and efficient strategy which could be used as therapeutic drug monitoring in human urine samples.

Recent progress of sample stacking in capillary electrophoresis (2016–2018)

“…A FASI method for the determination of five tetracycline antibiotics in human urine was described by Moreno‐González et al. . The used BGE contained 75 mM sodium carbonate, 1 mM EDTA and NaOH at pH 10.0.…”

Recent advances in enhancing the sensitivity of electrophoresis and electrochromatography in capillaries and microchips (2016–2018)

“…FASS and FASI are usually the first choice among all stacking techniques due to their simplicity and high compatibility with different CE modes such as CZE , EKC , CGE , CEC as well as microchip electrophoresis . An uncomplicated buffer system used in FASS and FASI allows to utilize a whole range of detectors including UV , LED‐IF , LIF , C4D , and amperometric .…”

“…FASS and FASI are usually the first choice among all stacking techniques due to their simplicity and high compatibility with different CE modes such as CZE , EKC , CGE , CEC as well as microchip electrophoresis . An uncomplicated buffer system used in FASS and FASI allows to utilize a whole range of detectors including UV , LED‐IF , LIF , C4D , and amperometric . The sample matrix effect is reduced or eliminated since the sample clean‐up is necessary to lower the conductivity of the sample and thus, FASS and FASI can be used in analysis of biological , pharmaceutical , environmental , food , industrial , and forensic samples .…”

“…An uncomplicated buffer system used in FASS and FASI allows to utilize a whole range of detectors including UV , LED‐IF , LIF , C4D , and amperometric . The sample matrix effect is reduced or eliminated since the sample clean‐up is necessary to lower the conductivity of the sample and thus, FASS and FASI can be used in analysis of biological , pharmaceutical , environmental , food , industrial , and forensic samples . In addition, combination of FASS and FASI with other stacking techniques is popularly used in multi‐stacking approaches which will be discussed further in this review.…”

Combined Minimum-Run Resolution IV and Central Composite Design for Optimized Removal of the Tetracycline Drug Over Metal–Organic Framework-Templated Porous Carbon

“…This antibiotic compound is also used as a food additive for enhancing resistance and supporting the immune system in livestock [4]. Like other antibiotics, TCC can be partly metabolized via organisms, and is mainly excreted through urine [5,6]. Some studies have indicated that a wide range of adverse effects towards both aquatic and soil environments could occur when TCC is released without any pretreated measures [2,3].…”