Determination of sulfur in crude oil using high-resolution continuum source molecular absorption spectrometry of the SnS molecule in a graphite furnace

Cadorim, Heloisa R.; Pereira, Éderson R.; Carasek, Eduardo; Welz, Bernhard; Andrade, Jailson B. de

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2015.07.088

Cited by 26 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Around 95% of CB production is achieved by the oil furnace process (3, 44, 45). In this process, the heavy aromatic petroleum products are pyrolyzed at the very high temperatures (around 1,400–1,800°C) to make the CB particles and tail gas (e.g., carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and steam) (46, 47). This process is conducted as a continuous process in a closed reactor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Toxicological Mechanisms of Environmental Soot (Black Carbon) and Carbon Black: Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Pathways

2017

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The environmental soot and carbon blacks (CBs) cause many diseases in humans, but their underlying mechanisms of toxicity are still poorly understood. Both are formed after the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons but differ in their constituents and percent carbon contents. For the first time, “Sir Percival Pott” described soot as a carcinogen, which was subsequently confirmed by many others. The existing data suggest three main types of diseases due to soot and CB exposures: cancer, respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular dysfunctions. Experimental models revealed the involvement of oxidative stress, DNA methylation, formation of DNA adducts, and Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation as the key mechanisms of soot- and CB-induced cancers. Metals including Si, Fe, Mn, Ti, and Co in soot also contribute in the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated DNA damage. Mechanistically, ROS-induced DNA damage is further enhanced by eosinophils and neutrophils via halide (Cl− and Br−) dependent DNA adducts formation. The activation of pulmonary dendritic cells, T helper type 2 cells, and mast cells is crucial mediators in the pathology of soot- or CB-induced respiratory disease. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were also found to modulate T cells functions in respiratory diseases. Particularly, telomerase reverse transcriptase was found to play the critical role in soot- and CB-induced cardiovascular dysfunctions. In this review, we propose integrated mechanisms of soot- and CB-induced toxicity emphasizing the role of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. We also suggest use of antioxidants and PUFAs as protective strategies against soot- and CB-induced disorders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Toxicological Mechanisms of Environmental Soot (Black Carbon) and Carbon Black: Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Pathways

2017

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“…1 On the other hand, some sulfur compounds, such as SO2, are highly toxic and cause respiratory diseases, acid rain, and ozone layer depletion. 2,3 According to World Health Organization (WHO), SO2 blocks specific nerve signals, reduces lung performance and creates allergen effects. 4,5 However, SO2 has been widely used to prevent the growth of microorganisms due to its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Sulfur in Grape and Apricot Samples Using High-resolution Continuum Source Electrothermal Molecular Absorption Spectrometry

2018

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The determination of sulfur in apricot and grape samples was performed by using high-resolution continuum source electrothermal molecular absorption spectrometry based on vaporization of the carbon monosulfide (CS) molecule. CS forms in the gas phase without the addition of any molecule-forming element, since graphite cuvette contains plenty of carbon as well as food samples. A mixture of 15 μg Pd + 10 μg Mg was used in solution as the chemical modifier. The best sensitivity was obtained at 900°C of the pyrolysis temperature with a KSO calibration solution. The calibration plot drew a linear path between 50 and 1600 ng of sulfur, and the limit of detection was found to be 23 ng. The accuracy of the method was confirmed with the use of a standard reference material (Rice Flour, NIST SRM 1568a). The sulfur content in chemically dried apricot samples (1987 ± 45 mg/kg) was determined to be higher than that of apricot samples dried under sunshine.

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“…Sulfur compounds are the most undesirable contaminants since they are often associated with adverse effects such as release of malodorous gases, catalyst poisoning, corrosion, or environmental pollution through acid rain . Typical crude oil can contain from 0.04% up to 5% sulfur, which generally occurs as mercaptans, thioethers, thiophenes, and other organic sulfides . All these sulfur species will condense into oily sludge during the transportation, storage, and refining of the crude oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Temperature and Potassium Compounds on the Transformation Behavior of Sulfur during Pyrolysis of Oily Sludge

et al. 2017

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Sulfur compounds are one of the most concerning pollutants in the petroleum industry. As a potential energy resource with high sulfur content, oily sludge has received increasing attention, yet little effort has been made to characterize the behavior of sulfur compounds during utilization. In this paper, sulfur compounds in the raw oily sludge collected from a crude oil tank were identified, and influences of temperature and potassium compounds (KCl and KOH) on the transformation behavior of sulfur were investigated during the pyrolysis. Sulfur species retained in the solid residues were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Possible sulfur-participating reactions during pyrolysis were discussed. Results showed that inorganic sulfur was mainly presented in the form of sulfate in solid particles, and organic sulfur was presented in the oil phase. During pyrolysis, H2S was released due to the decomposition of aliphatic and aromatic sulfurs. The emission of H2S can be promoted by 100% from 350 to 450 °C, and this value was further increased by 16.7% under 450 °C in the presence of KCl. On the contrary, the addition of KOH can inhibit the release of H2S by 75%, and metal sulfide was observed in the solid residues, implying the conversion of organic sulfur to inorganic sulfur during pyrolysis. The sulfur remaining in the solid residues after pyrolysis was mainly in the forms of thiophenes and sulfate. With the addition of KOH, the relative content of thiophenes declined from 97.1% to 4.3% under 550 °C; at the same time, the sulfur retention in the solid residues was increased by 39.5%, while the sulfur content of the oil product was reduced by 16.2%. The mass balance of sulfur can reach up to 98% except in the case of KOH, indicating other sulfur-containing gases, such as COS, may be generated during pyrolysis. Upper results can be used for guiding the desulfurization of oily sludge during treatment.

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Determination of sulfur in crude oil using high-resolution continuum source molecular absorption spectrometry of the SnS molecule in a graphite furnace

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

The Toxicological Mechanisms of Environmental Soot (Black Carbon) and Carbon Black: Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Pathways

The Toxicological Mechanisms of Environmental Soot (Black Carbon) and Carbon Black: Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Pathways

Determination of Sulfur in Grape and Apricot Samples Using High-resolution Continuum Source Electrothermal Molecular Absorption Spectrometry

Effects of Temperature and Potassium Compounds on the Transformation Behavior of Sulfur during Pyrolysis of Oily Sludge

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