Determination of Spinosad and Its Metabolites in Food and Environmental Matrices. 1. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection

Abstract

Spinosad is an insect control agent that is derived from a naturally occurring soil bacterium and is effective on several classes of insects, especially Lepidoptera larvae. Spinosad is registered in many countries for use on a variety of crops, including cotton, corn, soybeans, fruits, and vegetables. Residue methods utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection have been described for determining spinosad and its metabolites in environmental and food matrices. These residue methods typically involve an extraction with organic solvents, followed by purification using liquid-liquid partitioning and/or solid phase extraction prior to measurement by HPLC-UV. The residue methods determine the active ingredients (spinosyns A and D) and up to three minor metabolites (spinosyn B, spinosyn K, and N-demethylspinosyn D). The methods have validated limits of quantitation ranging from 0.010 to 0.040 microgram/g. This paper briefly reviews the residue methodology for spinosad and metabolites in food and environmental matrices and provides a summary of method validation results for 61 different sample types, including newly published results for 37 additional crop matrices and processed commodities.

The Side-Effect of Organic Insecticide Spinosad on Biochemical and Microbiological Properties of Clay Soil

“…Spinosad is registered in many countries for use on a variety of crops, including cotton, corn, soybean, fruits and vegetables [West et al, 2000]. It shows minimal acute toxicity (LD 50 (rats)>5000 mg·kg -1 ), is non-carcinogenic, non-mutagenic and non-neurotoxic in mammalian test animals [Thompson et al, 2002] and also has a favourable environmental profile as it does not leach, bioaccumulate, volatilize or persist in the environment [Sharma et al, 2007].…”

Dissipation behaviour of spinosad in polyhouse grown tomato under mid-hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh, India

“…It possesses both contact and stomach poison activity against insects belonging to orders Lepidoptera, Siphonaptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Isoptera and Thysanoptera but has little or no activity against sucking insects, predatory insects and mites (Elzen et al 1998). Spinosad is registered in many countries for use in a variety of crops including cotton, corn, soybean, fruits and vegetables (West et al 2000). It has a low order of toxicity to mammals, birds and fish and also has a favourable environmental profile as it does not leach, bioaccumulate, volatilize or persist in the environment (Sparks et al 1995).…”

Dissipation behaviour of spinosad insecticide in soil, cabbage and cauliflower under subtropical conditions

“…Spinosad is registered in many countries for use on a variety of crops, including cotton, corn, soybean, fruits and vegetables 3. It has a low order of toxicity to mammals, birds and fish, and also has a favourable environmental profile as it does not leach, bioaccumulate, volatilize or persist in the environment 4.…”