Determination of soil ionic concentration using impedance spectroscopy

Pandey, Gunjan; Kumar, Ratnesh; Weber, Robert J.

doi:10.1117/12.2021969

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The network analyzer measurements of the S-parameters of the 3-block cylinder and also of the 2-block cylinder, in which the central block was removed, can be analyzed (see for example [4]) to determine the S-parameters of just the central block (which contains the soil sample). From this, the transmission-coefficient Γ and characteristic-impedance Z of the central block can be obtained by solving:…”

Section: A Determination Of Permittivity From S-parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper relaxes these two limitation of [4], and presents a more general and accurate method to measure local soil conditions like water as well as ion content with higher accuracy. Measurements over a large frequency range improve the data reliability of moisture and ionic content measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…there is only limited work on in-situ soil nitrate sensing. In [5] we presented a self-calibrating, multi-frequency dielectric sensor for combined moisture and soil ions sensing, while in [4] we showed how dielectric-mixing models can be reasoned to analyze the multi-frequency dielectric measurements to estimate the soil moisture and ion concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The work in [4] did not distinguish between the bound versus free water, and it assumed that the electric field in the vicinity of inclusion-particles is the average electric field (while in reality the local electric field around inclusionparticles is some where in-between the average value and the value of electric-field of the dominant host). This paper relaxes these two limitation of [4], and presents a more general and accurate method to measure local soil conditions like water as well as ion content with higher accuracy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurements over a large frequency range improve the data reliability of moisture and ionic content measurements. As in [4], the approach is based on using the dielectric mixture models [7] which relate the effective permittivity of a mixture to the permittivities and concentrations of its individual components. A well known model is the symmetric Bruggeman mixing model:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Real Time Detection of Soil Moisture and Nitrates Using On-Board In-Situ Impedance Spectroscopy

Pandey

Kumar

Weber

2013

2013 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics

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This paper presents a dielectric mixture model based approach for in-situ detection of soil-nitrates in real time. The dielectric constant of a material determines the impedance across a pair of electrodes immersed in that medium. We make accurate measurements on soil impedance over multiple frequencies using an in-situ soil-sensor we have designed. The impedance values are then used to determine the effective permittivity of the soil-bulk, which is then used to determine the concentration of individual components like soil, air, water and nutrients, e.g., nitrates using the data from measurements at multiple frequencies, and solving mixing models that involves component concentration as solution variables. The method shows good accuracy in the frequency range 1-70 MHz and can determine nitrate solution with less than 12% error. By considering 3% bound water percentage and assuming snow-like dielectric nature of bound water, this error reduces to 10%. If a parametrized apparent permittivity is considered in the vicinity of constituent particles, this error further reduces to less than 9%. Accurate nitrate detection based on our on-board, real-time, in-situ soil moisture sensors can provide an accurate real-time soil nitrate sensor and has the potential to greatly enhance agricultural production and reduce the impacts to the environment.

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Section: A Determination Of Permittivity From S-parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%