Agricultural Cyber-Physical System: In-Situ Soil Moisture and Salinity Estimation by Dielectric Mixing

Pandey, Gunjan; Weber, Robert J.; Kumar, Ratnesh

doi:10.1109/access.2018.2862634

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The magnetic and electric fields for effective medium parameters follow Eqs. ( 1 ) and ( 2 ), rather than considering the conventional field equation 18 . where is the average magnetic flux density, is the effective permeability of the medium, is the Free space permeability, is the average magnetic field density, is the average electric flux density, is the effective permittivity of the medium, is the free space permittivity, and is the average electric field intensity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SNG and DNG meta-absorber with fractional absorption band for sensing application

Hoque

Islam

Almutairi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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This paper reports on a tunable transmission frequency characteristics-based metamaterial absorber of an X band sensing application with a fractional bandwidth. Tunable resonator metamaterial absorbers fabricated with dielectric surface have been the subject of growing attention of late. Absorbers possess electromagnetic properties and range modification capacity, and they have yet to be studied in detail. The proposed microstructure resonator inspired absorber with triple fractional band absorption consists of two balanced symmetrical vertical patches at the outer periphery and a tiny drop hole at two edges. Experimental verification depicted two absorption bands with single negative (SNG) characteristics for two resonances, but double negative (DNG) for single resonance frequency. The mechanism of sensing and absorption was analyzed using the transmission line principle with useful parameter analysis. Cotton, a hygroscopic fiber with moisture content, was chosen to characterize the proposed absorber for the X band application. The electrical properties of the cotton changed depending on the moisture absorption level. The simulation and the measured absorption approximately justified the result; the simulated absorption was above 90% (at 10.62, 11.64, and 12.8 GHz), although the steady level was 80%. The moisture content of the cotton (at different levels from 0 to 32.13%) was simulated, and the transmission resonance frequency changed its point in two significant ranges. However, comparing the two adopted measurement method and algorithm applied to the S parameter showed a closer variation between the two resonances (11.64 and 12.8 GHz) which signified that a much more accurate measurement of the cotton dielectric constant was possible up to a moisture content of 16.1%. However, certain unwanted changes were noted at 8.4–8.9 GHz and 10.6–12.4 GHz. The proposed triple-band absorber has potential applications in the X band sensing of moisture in capsules or tablet bottles.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SNG and DNG meta-absorber with fractional absorption band for sensing application

Hoque

Islam

Almutairi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Precision agriculture is playing a major role to enhance the efficiency and resource savings [65,89]. Precision agriculture can rely on quite specific developments such as Wireless Underground Sensor Networks, when machinery is "communicated" with sensors under soil [96,112] or underground sensor networks controlling the quality of soils [13,50,81,112]. Further developments in agricultural stage include real-time monitoring of crops growth in field and greenhouses [47,64,94,105], weed control [119], and precise autonomous water or fertilizer management on the field [60,72,93] or frost monitoring [125].…”

Section: Current Knowledge On Cps Application In Food Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Supply Chains as Cyber-Physical Systems: a Path for More Sustainable Personalized Nutrition

2020

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Current food system evolved in a great degree because of the development of processing and food engineering technologies: people learned to bake bread long before the advent of agriculture; salting and smoking supported nomad lifestyles; canning allowed for longer military marches; etc. Food processing technologies went through evolution and significant optimization and currently rely on minor fraction of energy comparing with initial prototypes. Emerging processing technologies (high-pressure, pulsed electric fields, ohmic heating, ultrasound) and novel food systems (cultured biomass, 3-D bioprinting, cyber-physical chains) try to challenge the existing chains by developing potentially more nutritious and sustainable food solutions. However, new food systems rely on low technology readiness levels and estimation of their potential future benefits or drawbacks is a complex task mostly due to the lack of integrated data. The research is aimed for the development of conceptual guidelines of food production system structuring as cyber-physical systems. The study indicates that cyber-physical nature of modern food is a key for the engineering of more nutritious and sustainable paths for novel food systems. Implementation of machine learning methods for the collection, integration, and analysis of data associated with biomass production and processing on different levels from molecular to global, leads to the precise analysis of food systems and estimation of upscaling benefits, as well as possible negative rebound effects associated with societal attitude. Moreover, such data-integrated assessment systems allow transparency of chains, integration of nutritional and environmental properties, and construction of personalized nutrition technologies.

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“…Methodologies enabling early and accurate detection of plant stress due to pathogens and pests provide a way for optimal deployment of countermeasures for reducing of losses in yield. Our group has been pursuing agriculture sensor design for soil [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and plant health [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], modeling for soil moisture/nutrients and plant growth dynamics [27,28], and decision-making for irrigation and fertilization for over a decade [27,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing Methodologies in Agriculture for Monitoring Biotic Stress in Plants Due to Pathogens and Pests

Kashyap

Kumar

2021

Inventions

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Reducing agricultural losses is an effective way to sustainably increase agricultural output efficiency to meet our present and future needs for food, fiber, fodder, and fuel. Our ever-improving understanding of the ways in which plants respond to stress, biotic and abiotic, has led to the development of innovative sensing technologies for detecting crop stresses/stressors and deploying efficient measures. This article aims to present the current state of the methodologies applied in the field of agriculture towards the detection of biotic stress in crops. Key sensing methodologies for plant pathogen (or phytopathogen), as well as herbivorous insects/pests are presented, where the working principles are described, and key recent works discussed. The detection methods overviewed for phytopathogen-related stress identification include nucleic acid-based methods, immunological methods, imaging-based techniques, spectroscopic methods, phytohormone biosensing methods, monitoring methods for plant volatiles, and active remote sensing technologies. Whereas the pest-related sensing techniques include machine-vision-based methods, pest acoustic-emission sensors, and volatile organic compound-based stress monitoring methods. Additionally, Comparisons have been made between different sensing techniques as well as recently reported works, where the strengths and limitations are identified. Finally, the prospective future directions for monitoring biotic stress in crops are discussed.

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Agricultural Cyber-Physical System: In-Situ Soil Moisture and Salinity Estimation by Dielectric Mixing

Cited by 25 publications

References 49 publications

SNG and DNG meta-absorber with fractional absorption band for sensing application

SNG and DNG meta-absorber with fractional absorption band for sensing application

Food Supply Chains as Cyber-Physical Systems: a Path for More Sustainable Personalized Nutrition

Sensing Methodologies in Agriculture for Monitoring Biotic Stress in Plants Due to Pathogens and Pests

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