Determination of Selenium(IV) by Catalytic Stripping Voltammetry with an in situ Plated Bismuth-film Electrode

Abstract

A very sensitive and simple method is presented for the determination of Se(IV) by Osteryang square-wave cathodic stripping voltammery (OSWCSV). The method is based on the reduction of Se(IV) with Bi(III) onto an edge-plane type of pyrolytic graphite substrate, followed by a cathodic potential scan. OSWCSV studies indicate that the reduced selenium produced a distinct catalytic hydrogen wave at -1150 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. The peak height of the catalytic hydrogen wave was directly proportional to the initial Se(IV) concentration in the ranges of 0.1 - 1.0 and 1.0 - 20.0 microg L(-1) (correlation coefficients 0.9800 and 0.9901, respectively) when the optimized parameters were used. A 3sigma detection limit of 0.025 microg L(-1)0 Se(IV) was obtained at 30 s deposition time. The relative standard deviation was 4.0% on replicate runs (n = 12) for the determinations of 0.10 microg L(-1) Se(IV). Analytical results of natural water samples demonstrate that the proposed method is applicable to speciation analysis of Se(IV) and Se(VI).

A Decade with Bismuth‐Based Electrodes in Electroanalysis

“…Thus, the Euro-Asian region expanded by adopting Turkey [107], Slovakia [118], and Russia [110,122]; with other countries revealing further research sites (e.g., Greece [114], France [116], Spain [115,117] and Portugal [104,117]). Initial reports were also seen from traditional electrochemical regions of Latin America (Brazil [98] and Mexico [117]), and from the Far East (China [99,111], Korea [113], Japan [105,120], and Thailand [97]). Regarding the topics of interest, their presentation may be styled like in the previous paragraphs.…”

“…Trace determinations of heavy metal ions had been successfully examined with mixtures of Cd(II), Pb(II), Tl(I), and Cu(II) in highly saline solutions (sea and hydrothermal water or dialysis concentrates [98]), for single Tl(I) ions in environmental sample [101,104] and a solid salt of Li 2 CO 3 [122], or Cu(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) in water samples and tea extract ( [106,108,116,119,121] -the first and the latter in the presence of Ga(III) or Fe(III) ions, respectively. Occasionally, newly developed methods were oriented on other metal ions; namely, Ni(II) and/or Co(II) [100,103] or towards some metalloid species like As(III) [105] and Se(IV) [120].…”

Development of a simple and fast voltammetric procedure for determination of trace quantity of Se(IV) in natural lake and river water samples

“…Hence, methods that are able to separate and quantify the different forms of elements simultaneously in a single analysis, are important [9]. The voltammetric methods which are advantageous for the speciation of selenium seem to be a good solution because they offer a low detection limit and the determinations can be carried out without an additional separation step [26][27][28][29][30][31]. The most significant drawback of these methods is however their susceptibility to organic substances such as surfactants and humic substances commonly present in environmental samples [32].…”

An electrochemical assay for the determination of Se (IV) in a sequential injection lab-on-valve system

“…Among which, the spectrometric methods are not suitable for in situ measurements because of its ponderous instruments and strict requirements for laboratory facilities. Differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry (DPCSV) has been proven to be a powerful method for trace amounts of metals detection with desirable analytical features, such as simplicity of use, high sensitivity and low cost of instrument, which was commonly employed for Se (IV) determination in environmental, biological and pharmaceutical samples [13][14][15]. However, the routine DPCSV analysis with the batch mode is not only large sample/reagent consumption but also time consuming.…”