Determination of Selected Carboxylic Acids and Alcohols in Groundwater by GC--MS

Beihoffer, Jon; Ferguson, Cindy

doi:10.1093/chromsci/32.3.102

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The use of this column enabled the quantification of acids and alcohols that composed nearly 50% of the TOC. Previous analysis using routine GC/MS methods had accounted for less than 1% of the TOC (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Groundwater Samples from Superfund Sites by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Betowski

Kendall

Pace

et al. 1996

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Groundwater at or near Superfund sites often contains much organic matter, as indicated by total organic carbon (TOC) measurements. Analyses by standard GC and GC/MS methodology often miss the more polar or nonvolatile of these organic compounds. The identification of the highly polar or ionic compounds may be needed to assess toxicity more reliably, to plan remediation, and to establish the possible source of a waste and the responsible party. This study characterized water samples from two Superfund sites for organic components where routine methods had failed to account for a majority of the TOC. Carboxylic acids, alcohols, and ketones were detected by GC/MS using a new capillary column designed for polar organic compounds. Particle beam LC/MS allowed for identifying several additional compounds. Finally, thermospray LC/MS was shown to be an excellent means of detecting ionic constituents, such as aromatic sulfonic acids, in the water samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Groundwater Samples from Superfund Sites by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Betowski

Kendall

Pace

et al. 1996

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Potter described a method for analysis of petroleum-contaminated groundwater using DAI-GC/FID with a detection limit for ethanol reported to be near 0.10 mg/L. Beihoffer and Ferguson utilized DAI-GC/MSD for determination of alcohols and carboxylic acids in groundwater with detection limits in the low milligram per liter range. The primary limitations of the sensitivity of DAI methods are related to the following: (1) the limited volume, typically no more than 5−10 μL, that can be injected; (2) the response and selectivity of the detector; (3) the selectivity of the column in the presence of water and other polar organics; and (4) degradation of the stationary phase by water.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace Analysis of Ethanol, MTBE, and Related Oxygenate Compounds in Water Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2000

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Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry have been combined for trace-level determination of very polar compounds in water, including the widely used gasoline oxygenates ethanol and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). A relatively simple extraction method using a divinylbenzene/Carboxen/poly(dimethylsiloxane) SPME fiber was optimized for the routine analysis of ethanol and MTBE in groundwater and reagent water. A sodium chloride concentration of 25% (w/w) combined with an extraction time of 25 min provided the greatest sensitivity while maintaining analytical efficiency. Replicate analyses in fortified reagent and groundwater spiked with microgram per liter concentrations of ethanol and MTBE indicate quantitative and reproducible recovery of these and related oxygenate compounds. Method detection limits were 15 microg L(-1) for ethanol, 1.8 microg L(-1) for tert-butyl alcohol, 0.038 microg L(-1) for tert-amyl methyl ether, 0.025 microg L(-1) for ethyl-tert-butyl ether, and 0.008 microg L(-1) for MTBE.

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“…All diluted samples were directly injected onto GC–MS without any cleanup. Neutral PFAS and organic corrosion inhibitors were analyzed in positive chemical ionization mode, , while BC was analyzed in electron impact mode. − Formation of mass-to-charge ( m / z ) ions in the MS, due to chemical ionization process, which corresponded to the same m / z ions of neutral PFAS, was taken into account in the calibration curve. Carryover of neutral PFAS following GC injection was not observed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutral Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances, Butyl Carbitol, and Organic Corrosion Inhibitors in Aqueous Film-Forming Foams: Implications for Vapor Intrusion and the Environment

Titaley

Khattak

Dong

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), butyl carbitol, and corrosion inhibitors are components of aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs). Volatile (neutral) fluorotelomerization (FT)- and electrochemical fluorination (ECF)-based PFAS, butyl carbitol, and organic corrosion inhibitors were quantified in 39 military specification (MilSpec), non-MilSpec, and alcohol resistant-AFFF concentrates (undiluted) from 1974 to 2010. Fluorotelomer alcohols were found only in FT-based AFFFs and N-methyl- and N-ethyl-perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides, and sulfonamido ethanols were found only in ECF-based AFFFs. Neutral PFAS and benzotriazole, 4-methylbenzotriazole, and 5-methybenzotriazole occurred at mg/L levels in the AFFFs, while butyl carbitol occurred at g/L levels. Neutral PFAS concentrations in indoor air due to vapor intrusion of a nearby undiluted AFFF release are estimated to be anywhere from 2 to >10 orders of magnitude higher than documented background indoor air concentrations. Estimated butyl carbitol and organic corrosion inhibitor concentrations were lower than and comparable to indoor concentrations recently measured, respectively. The wide range of neutral PFAS concentrations and Henry’s law constants indicate that field, soil-gas measurements are needed to validate the estimations. Co-discharged butyl carbitol likely contributes to oxygen depletion in AFFF-impacted aquifers and may hinder the natural PFAS aerobic biotransformation. Organic corrosion inhibitors in AFFFs indicate that these are another source of corrosion inhibitors in the environment.

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Determination of Selected Carboxylic Acids and Alcohols in Groundwater by GC--MS

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Characterization of Groundwater Samples from Superfund Sites by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Characterization of Groundwater Samples from Superfund Sites by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Trace Analysis of Ethanol, MTBE, and Related Oxygenate Compounds in Water Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Neutral Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances, Butyl Carbitol, and Organic Corrosion Inhibitors in Aqueous Film-Forming Foams: Implications for Vapor Intrusion and the Environment

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