Determination of sea-floor seepage locations in the Mississippi Canyon

Crooke, Emma; Talukder, Asrar; Ross, Andrew; Trefry, Christine; Caruso, Michael J.; Carragher, Peter; Stalvies, Charlotte; Armand, Stéphane

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.08.004

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Pockmarks) account for an ascension velocity ranging from 3 cm s −1 to 8 cm s −1 . Although the two methods provided slightly distinct results, the velocity range proposed in this paper corresponds to the lowest reported values in previous studies (from 2 to 50 cm s −1 ; MacDonald et al, 2002;Crooke et al, 2015). The sub-circular depressions observed in the vicinity of the vertical projection of surface area of recurrent oil slicks are interpreted as pockmarks resulting from active or recent fluid flow at the seafloor (King and McLean, 1970;Gay et al, 2006a;Gay et al, 2006b;Gay et al, 2007;Andresen and Huuse, 2011;Andresen, 2012).…”

Section: Accuracy Of the Modelsupporting

confidence: 42%

“…Currents were measured with RD® instruments Acoustic Doppler Leifer and Patro (2002) Methane 5 15 Laboratory Greinert et al (2006) Methane 12 22 In-situ measurement (Black Sea) De Moustier et al (2013) Methane 17 23 In-situ measurement (Gulf of Mexico) Leifer and MacDonald (2003) Methane, oily bubbles 2 20 Laboratory Crooke et al (2015) Oil and gas mixture 5 50…”

Section: Mooring Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the ascent through the water column, oceanic currents affect the deflection of the plume by advecting the oil droplets during their rise from the seafloor to the surface (Crooke et al, 2015). The lateral deflection distance is controlled by the current strength and the transit time of the oil droplets in the water column.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reported ascension velocities range from 2 to 50 cm s −1 . While most studies focused on the vertical ascent of oil droplets in the water column (MacDonald et al, 2002;Greinert et al, 2006;Crooke et al, 2015;Chen et al, 2015;Korotenko, 2016), only a handful have addressed the horizontal deflection associated with currents in natural systems. In the Gulf of Mexico, the lateral deflection of oil droplets was estimated using an affine deflection function based on water depths (Garcia-Pineda et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deflection of natural oil droplets through the water column in deep-water environments: The case of the Lower Congo Basin

Jatiault

Dhont

Loncke

et al. 2018

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

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A B S T R A C TNumerous recurrent seep sites were identified in the deep-water environment of the Lower Congo Basin from the analysis of an extensive dataset of satellite-based synthetic-aperture radar images. The integration of current data was used to link natural oil slicks with active seep-related seafloor features. Acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements across the water column provided an efficient means to evaluate the horizontal deflection of oil droplets rising through the water column. Eulerian propagation model based on a range of potential ascension velocities helped to approximate the path for rising oil plume through the water column using two complementary methods. The first method consisted in simulating the reversed trajectory of oil droplets between sea-surface oil slick locations observed during current measurements and seep-related seafloor features while considering a range of ascension velocities. The second method compared the spatial spreading of natural oil slicks from 21 years of satellite monitoring observations for water depths ranging from 1200 to 2700 m against the modeled deflections during the current measurement period. The mapped oil slick origins are restricted to a 2.5 km radius circle from associated seep-related seafloor features. The two methods converge towards a range of ascension velocities for oil droplets through the water column, estimated between 3 and 8 cm s −1 . The low deflection values validate that the sub-vertical projection of the average surface area of oil slicks at the sea surface can be used to identify the origin of expelled hydrocarbon from the seafloor, which expresses as specific seafloor disturbances (i.e. pockmarks or mounds) known to expel fluids. standing the hydrocarbon plumbing system (Serié et al., 2016). Pockmarks, which are local depressions on the seafloor associated with contemporary focused fluid flow (e.g. King and MacLean, 1970;Hovland and Judd, 1988), are widely recognized as the seafloor outlet of expelled fluids. Even if hydrocarbon migration across the water

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Section: Accuracy Of the Modelsupporting

confidence: 42%

Section: Mooring Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Deflection of natural oil droplets through the water column in deep-water environments: The case of the Lower Congo Basin

Jatiault

Dhont

Loncke

et al. 2018

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

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“…Where oil films reach the surface, the presence of submarine seeps has been inferred by direct observation from vessels or by using various remote sensing techniques. These include airborne laser fluorescence (Thompson et al 1991); satellite synthetic aperture radar (De Beukelaer et al 2003); ship based x-band radar (Crooke et al 2015); and visual (Hu et al 2009) and spectral methods (Wettle et al 2009).…”

Section: Methods Of Detection and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil Seeps and Coastal Bitumen

McKirdy

Ross

Talukder

2017

Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series

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Natural and unnatural oil slicks in the Gulf of Mexico

et al. 2015

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When wind speeds are 2–10 m s −1 , reflective contrasts in the ocean surface make oil slicks visible to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) under all sky conditions. Neural network analysis of satellite SAR images quantified the magnitude and distribution of surface oil in the Gulf of Mexico from persistent, natural seeps and from the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) discharge. This analysis identified 914 natural oil seep zones across the entire Gulf of Mexico in pre‐2010 data. Their ∼0.1 µm slicks covered an aggregated average of 775 km 2 . Assuming an average volume of 77.5 m 3 over an 8–24 h lifespan per oil slick, the floating oil indicates a surface flux of 2.5–9.4 × 10 4 m 3 yr −1 . Oil from natural slicks was regionally concentrated: 68%, 25%, 7%, and <1% of the total was observed in the NW, SW, NE, and SE Gulf, respectively. This reflects differences in basin history and hydrocarbon generation. SAR images from 2010 showed that the 87 day DWH discharge produced a surface‐oil footprint fundamentally different from background seepage, with an average ocean area of 11,200 km 2 (SD 5028) and a volume of 22,600 m 3 (SD 5411). Peak magnitudes of oil were detected during equivalent, ∼14 day intervals around 23 May and 18 June, when wind speeds remained <5 m s −1 . Over this interval, aggregated volume of floating oil decreased by 21%; area covered increased by 49% ( p < 0.1), potentially altering its ecological impact. The most likely causes were increased applications of dispersant and surface burning operations.

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Determination of sea-floor seepage locations in the Mississippi Canyon

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Deflection of natural oil droplets through the water column in deep-water environments: The case of the Lower Congo Basin

Deflection of natural oil droplets through the water column in deep-water environments: The case of the Lower Congo Basin

Oil Seeps and Coastal Bitumen

Natural and unnatural oil slicks in the Gulf of Mexico

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