Determination of Roxithromycin by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry after Multiple-Dose Oral Administration in Broilers

Analysis of macrolide antibiotics, using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, in food, biological and environmental matrices

“…In the past, LC-MS has been shown to be a powerful and valuable technique to quantify and confirm macrolides and/or their residues along with other pharmaceuticals in food, biological, and environmental samples. The applications of LC-MS for analysis of macrolides include: (1) the study of the pharmacokinetics or depletion kinetics of macrolides, and to monitor their efficacy for human and veterinary uses (Lim, Park, & Yun, 2003;Benchaoui et al, 2004;Galer et al, 2004;Barrett et al, 2005;Chen et al, 2006;Hamscher et al, 2006;Scheuch, Gießmann, & Siegmund, 2006;Chen et al, 2007;Scheuch et al, 2007); (2) the elucidation of the structures of macrolides, their related impurities and degradation products or metabolites (Zhong et al, 2000;Chitneni et al, 2004;Deubel et al, 2006;Haghedooren et al, 2006;Leonard et al, 2006;Wang & Leung, 2007); (3) the determination of macrolide residues in food to ensure the safety of the food supply (Draisci et al, 2001a;Dubois et al, 2001;Cherlet et al, 2002;Heller & Nochetto, 2004;Wang, 2004;Wang, Leung, & Butterworth, 2005;Wang, Leung, & Lenz, 2006;Wang & Leung, 2007;Hammel et al, 2008); (4) the detection of macrolide residues such as spiramycin and tylosin in animal feed (Van Poucke et al, 2003Van Poucke, Dumoulin, & Van Peteghem, 2005) because they were banned for use as growth promoters in the EU (2821( /98/EC, 1998; and (5) the investigation of the occurrence of macrolides in the environment or environmental samples (Sacher et al, 2001;Hao et al, 2006;Jacobsen & Halling-Sorensen, 2...…”

“…Therefore, liquid-liquid extraction or partitioning is a very simple, fast, and practical approach for the extraction of macrolides from biological matrices, and remains the first choice in this particular application (Table 3). Samples are first diluted or mixed with sodium carbonate or phosphate basic buffer, and extracted via LLE with methyl tert-butyl ether (Li et al, 2006), a mixture of methyl tert-butyl ether and hexane (50:50, v/v) (Chen et al, 2006), diethyl ether (Gu, Wang, & Sun, 2006;Chen et al, 2007), ethyl acetate (Sagan et al, 2005), a mixture of hexane and ethyl acetate (50:50, v/v) (van Rooyen et al, 2002), a mixture of ethyl acetate and isopropanol (95:5, v/v) (Zhong et al, 2003), dichloromethane (Lim, Park, & Yun, 2003), or a mixture of hexane, dichloromethane, and isopropanol (20:10:1, v/v/v) (Wang, Qi, & Jin, 2005). After centrifugation and the removal of organic solvent, residues are reconstituted with a mixture of water, methanol or acetonitrile for LC-MS analysis.…”

Development and Validation of Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (UHPLC) Method for the Determination of Roxithromycin in the Broiler Plasma

“…One report of roxithromycin detection using HPLC was reported, that too for human plasma [13]. For broiler plasma, no HPLCreported, however costly advanced LC technique is reported for detection of roxithromycin from broiler tissues implicated mainly for residue studies [14]. Thus, the present study was undertaken to develop and validate a simple UHPLC-UV method for determination of roxithromycin in broiler chicken's plasma for studying pharmacokinetic studies.…”

Determination of roxithromycin in rat lung tissue by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

“…As a result of survey, several LC-MS methods related with roxithromycin were available, some of which were just used for some qualitative purpose or for the determination of other drugs while using roxithromycin as internal standard, which did not provide details in terms of accuracy, precision, linearity and stability. In addition, there were several methods used for the determination of roxithromycin in biological samples [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] and most of them adopted tandem MS or ion-trap MS detection [3,[5][6][7]9,10]. Our study focused on LC-single quadrupole MS because of its wider availability in ordinary laboratories as well as its sufficient sensitivity and selectivity for the present work.…”