Determination of ractopamine in monkey plasma and swine serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection

Adsorption behavior of ractopamine on carbon nanoparticle modified electrode and its analytical application

“…This result was attributed to the protonation/deprotonation process of ractopamine and the carboxyl of CNPs. The pK a of ractopamine was 9.42 [31], the protonation process of ractopamine was shown in Fig. S4.…”

Electrochemical detection of ractopamine at arrays of micro-liquid | liquid interfaces

“…Ractopamine (Rac) ( Fig. 1(a)) is a phenyl -ethanolamine, with -adrenergic agonist properties [6][7][8][9]. It is primarily used as a therapeutic drug for treatment of pulmonary diseases such as asthma in human and veterinary medicine [6,7].…”

“…It also improves growth rate and feed conversion when fed to livestock (such as calves, poultry etc.) [8,9,12]. Recently, veterinary drug residues have become a public food safety concern where ractopamine-treated animals may pose adverse effects on human health, especially in the cardiovascular and central nervous systems [6,7,9,12,13].…”

Formation of flowerlike gold nanostructure on ordered mesoporous carbon electrode and its application in electrochemical determination of ractopamine

“…Ractopamine (Rac) is an artificially synthesized betaagonists that belonging to the phenolic group [5][6][7]. Nowadays, Rac was widely used as feed additive in some animal species such as swine, cattle and turkers [5].…”

“…Nowadays, Rac was widely used as feed additive in some animal species such as swine, cattle and turkers [5]. Although the application of Rac can increase the animal's daily weight gain, improve feed efficiency, save on feed, increase nitrogen retention and shorten breeding period [8], there still exists a potential danger for consumer health due to its readily accumulates in animal tissues [9].…”