Determination of protein and trace elements in human milk using NAA and XFR techniques

Abstract

The principal objective pursued in this study is to establish the base-line data on protein content and on the status of elemental composition in human milk from Sudanese subjects. The protein content was derived by multiplying the nitrogen content by a factor 6.25. The nitrogen was determined using a 14 MeV neutron generator. The median values for crude protein and the total dry matter found in this study were 1.23% (volume) and 104 g/l, respectively. Some minor and trace elements of biological significance namely, C1, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Co and Mo were determined using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The results obtained show good compatibility with the data reported by the WHO on elemental composition of human milk from different geographical regions.

Mineral and nutritional analysis of Polish infant formulas

“…Human milk samples from all over the world, including Brazil (Goes et al, 2002;Morgano et al, 2005), Japan (Yamawaki et al, 2005) and Spain (Ló pez-Ló pez et al, 2002), were analyzed. The contents of macronutrients, such as fat, protein, carbohydrates and trace elements in human milk were determined Elmastas et al, 2005;Sam et al, 1998). Furthermore, the identification of chemical species and element quantification in various milk fractions was conducted Coni et al, 2000;Goes et al, 2002).…”

X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

“…A minimum detection limit of 5.6 mg g 21 for Pt derived from chemotherapeutic agents was reputed to be the most sensitive in vivo XRF system to date. Sam et al 477 used XRF to determine traces of Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Mo and Zn in human milk. A calibration for the determination of Zn in dry, ®nely divided hair was developed by Bolormaa et al, 478 based on measurements using synthetic reference samples.…”

Simultaneous Determination of Different Anions in Milk Samples Using Ion Chromatography with Conductivity Detection

“…A wide range of techniques have been employed for the determination of anions and organic acids in milk, including voltammetry, flow injection methods, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and neutron activation analysis [20,21]. In a representative report, anions, including iodide, nitrate and nitrite in biological samples were analyzed by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography [22].…”