Determination of potential migrants present in Nylon ‘microwave and roasting bags’ and migration into olive oil

Abstract

Two groups of potential migrants were found in Nylon "microwave and roasting bags' (MRBs): volatile compounds were released at cooking temperatures and non-volatile compounds were extracted with methanol and/or water. A dynamic headspace system at 200 degrees C followed by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) was used for determination of volatile compounds. Cyclopentanone (31.7 mg/bag), 2-cyclopentyl cyclopentanone (17.4 mg/bag), hexadecane (2.6 micrograms/bag), heptadecane (3.2 micrograms/bag), octadecane (3.0 micrograms/bag) and epsilon-caprolactam (5.0-35.5 mg/ bag) were the main volatile compounds present in the MRBs. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry were combined for identification and quantification of non-volatile compounds extracted with methanol (46.0 mg/bag). Nylon 6,6 cyclic monomer and cyclic oligomers up to the tetramer and Nylon 6 monomer and cyclic oligomers up to the octamer were identified and quantified, confirming that the plastic was made of Nylon 6,6 and Nylon 6 polymers. The same non-volatile compounds (except Nylon 6 heptamer and octamer) were found to migrate into olive oil at 175 degrees C for 1 h. A total of 0.916 mg/dm2 (19.2 mg/bag) of non-volatile compounds migrated into olive oil (41.8% of those quantified in the plastic material).

Migração de β-caprolactama de embalagens contendo poliamida 6 para simulante ácido acético 3% e validação do método analítico

“…A -caprolactama é o monômero utilizado na fabricação da poliamida 6 (PA-6) 14,22,28 . Durante o processo de polimerização, parte do monômero empregado pode permanecer na resina, já que a polimerização não é completa.…”

“…Durante o processo de polimerização, parte do monômero empregado pode permanecer na resina, já que a polimerização não é completa. Podem também estar presentes oligômeros de baixa massa molecular, aditivos, compostos de degradação, entre outros, que podem migrar para o alimento em contato 2,3,17,19,21,28 .…”

“…Migração de -caprolactama de embalagens Uma variedade de métodos cromatográficos tem sido utilizada na determinação de -caprolactama e seus oligômeros no próprio polímero, em simulantes de alimentos e em alimentos: cromatografia gasosa com detector de ionização de chama (CG/ DIC) 8,13,22 , cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência usando detector de ultravioleta (CLAE/UV) [2][3][4]7,15,28 , cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG/EM) 13,30 e cromatografia líquida acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CLAE/EM) 2,28 . A CG/DIC é amplamente utilizada em ensaios de migração por detectar a -caprolactama em níveis de traços, enquanto a CLAE/UV tem sido muito empregada quando o objetivo é a análise da -caprolactama e seus oligômeros.…”

A method to determine volatile contaminants in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packages by HDC-GC-FID and its application to post-consumer materials

“…Currently, the most used extraction systems involve headspace analysis. There are many variations to this analytical technique such as the direct analysis of the headspace, and static and dynamic concentration of the headspace using traps consisting of porous polymers, especially tenax (FRANZ;MAUER;WELLE, 2004;van WILLIGE et al, 2003;KALJURAND;SMIT, 1994;HAKKARAINEN;GRONING;ALBERTSSON, 2003;SOTO-VALDEZ;GRAMSHAW;VANDENGURG, 1997;NIELSEN, 2005;NONGONIERMA et al, 2006). Recent advances include automatic systems that allow the coupling of the headspace sampler to the gas chromatograph injector, known as the purge and trap injection system (LEBOSSÉ; DUCRUET; FEIGENBAUM, 1997;WEZL;LANKMAYR, 2002;REYNIER et al, 2004;VILLBERG;VEIJANEN;GUSTAFSSON, 1998;KALJURAND;SMIT, 1994).…”

Modelling of simultaneous two-sided migration into water and olive oil from nylon food packaging

“…In order to show compliance with EU legislation, specific migration into water and olive oil, the official fatty food simulant, has to be evaluated. Typical migration testing conditions are 2 h at 100 C. While previous research has always focussed on the migration of monomers into either water or fatty food simulants [2,3,4,5,6], during practical applications, the film will be exposed to hot water and fatty food simultaneously. The idea behind our investigations was therefore to find a way to simultaneously test specific migration into two totally different food simulants at either side of a food packaging material.…”