Determination of polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) and dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) levels and isomer patterns in fish, crustacea, mussel and sediment samples from a fjord region polluted by Mg-production

Determination of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the negative chemical ionization mode with different reagent gases

“…In several studies (Chiu, Thomas, & Lao, 1986;Oehme et al, 1986Oehme et al, , 1989Rappe et al, 1987;Koester, Harless, & Hites, 1992), it was emphasized that because of the low abundance of the molecular ion peak, methane NCI mass spectrometry is less sensitive than EIMS for 2,3,7,8-TCDD with no chlorine substitution in the peri-position, and the EI mode is preferable to TCDD isomers analysis (Oehme & Kirschmer, 1984).…”

Application of Pattern Recognition Techniques to Evaluate Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxin and Dibenzofuran Distributions in Surficial Sediments from the Lower Passaic River and Newark Bay

“…, 1989Broman et aI., 1989;De Vault et al. 1989;Norwood et al, 1989;Oehme et al, 1989;Rappe et al, 1989b;Schecter et al, 1989a,b;Turkstra and Pols, 1989;Gotz et al, 1990;Kjeller et aI., 1990;Reed et al, 1990). The results of these studies indicate that PCDD/Fs are virtually ubiquitous in sediments and biota at low parts per trillion concentrations (Buchert and Ballschmiter, 1986;Rappe et al, 1987;USEPA, 1987;Hashimoto et al.…”

“…This sampling technique has been successfully used by other researchers to obtain chemical data for chemometric analyses (Oehme et al, 1989;Evers et al, 1988;Reed et al, 1'990). After thorough homogenization, sediments were transferred to precleaned 0.5-liter amber glass jars with Teflon-lined caps.…”

“…Principal components analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis, two multivariate data analysis techniques, have been used to characterize the unique chemical fingerprint of dioxin-contaminated sediments and soils and to differentiate sources of these compounds in the environment (Townsend, 1986;Stalling et aI., 1985a;Swerev and Ballschmiter, 1989;Zitko, 1989). These techniques have been used to compare PCDD/ F residues in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses (Stalling et al, 1986), MSW incinerator emissions (Pitea et.al., 1989a,b,c,d), urban air (Smith et al, 1990) and soil (Creaser et aI., 1990;Kjeller et al, 1991), biota (Stalling et al, 1985a,b;De Vault et al, 1989;Oehme et al, 1989Oehme et al, , 1990MacDonald et al, 1991), and sediments (Evers et al, , 1989Norwood et al, 1989;Kjeller et aI., 1990).…”

Dioxins in Food

“…As with animals, the 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners dominate the congener pattern found in fish although this is not true of crustaceans and shellfish. 46 Since different species occupy quite different trophic positions, large differences in PCDD and PCDF concentrations are to be expected.…”