“…After the pre-treatment and extraction steps, a wide range of analytical techniques have been used for the analysis and quantification of the main methylxanthines including capillary gas chromatography (GC) [81], gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [82,83], spectrophotometry [77,84,85,86], Fourier transform-Raman spectrometry [87], spectrofluorimetry [88,89], Fourier transform-infrared spectrophotometry [90], capillary electrophoresis (CE) [91,92,93] and micellar electrokinetic electrophoresis (MEKC) [94,95,96], voltammetry [97,98], radioimmunoassay (RIA) [99,100], thin-layer chromatography (TLC) [68,101,102] ion-exchange chromatography [103] and even solid-phase ultraviolet sensing [104]. Supercritical fluid extraction, specifically using supercritical carbon dioxide and ethanol, has been proved to be an effective method for methylxanthine analysis from a number of different samples/sources (guaraná seeds, maté leaves, and cocoa beans) [73].…”