Determination of phthalates in olive oil from European market

Pereira, Joel; Selbourne, Maria do Céu; Poças, Maria de Fátima Tavares

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.11.003

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Furthermore, the lowest and highest PAEs amounts in ayran samples were 38–59 µg/kg for DBP and 26–81 µg/kg for DEHP. Concerning olive oil, Pereira et al [ 90 ] analyzed olive oil samples from the European market. All samples analyzed had an average concentration of 1.31 and 1.52 mg/kg for DEHP and with the highest concentration of 7.52 and 6.29 mg/kg for DiNP, respectively.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, no clean-up procedure is necessary. The most common solvents used in LLE are DCM [ 62 , 64 , 66 , 99 ], ACET [ 94 ], MeCN [ 90 , 91 , 106 ], and solvents mixes (HEX:ACET, HEX:EtAc, DCM:ACET) [ 63 , 71 , 74 , 76 , 77 , 95 , 96 ]. Despite the high extraction efficiency of LLE to extract PAEs from different samples, which results in recovery rates of 70% to 120%, lower LODs and LOQs ( Table 2 ), the up-to-date tendencies related to extraction procedures are founded on the principles of green chemistry, which include low solvent volumes, simplicity, and quickness.…”

Section: Analytical Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of GC-MS, it is crucial to use an internal standard (IS) to promote a more accurate quantification of phthalates in a diversity of samples. The isotopically-labeled phthalates as IS [ 90 , 100 , 127 ], such as d4-DBP, d4-DEHP, and d4-DnOP, are the most suitable to correct errors caused by matrix effects and to correct probable dissimilarities occurring in the analyses, even though non-deuterated compounds like as 2,6-di-ter-butyl-4-methyl phenol (BHT) [ 91 ], bromopropylate [ 78 ] and anthracene [ 61 ] have also been used with good results. Regarding ionization techniques, electron ionization (EI) is the most suitable for the determination of PAEs by GC-MS, being reproducible and not suffering from ion suppression effects [ 60 , 61 , 69 , 91 , 100 , 103 , 112 ].…”

Section: Analytical Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding ionization techniques, electron ionization (EI) is the most suitable for the determination of PAEs by GC-MS, being reproducible and not suffering from ion suppression effects [ 60 , 61 , 69 , 91 , 100 , 103 , 112 ]. Furthermore, gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) [ 71 , 79 , 80 , 90 , 99 , 102 , 127 ] and flash evaporation GC-FID [ 81 ] have also been explored as an alternative to determine PAEs in a diversity of samples with excellent results. The tandem MS spectrometry compared to MS demonstrated more sensitivity, mass accuracy, and resolution.…”

Section: Analytical Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tandem MS spectrometry compared to MS demonstrated more sensitivity, mass accuracy, and resolution. Concerning to the analyzer, single quadrupole [ 60 , 69 , 91 , 100 , 112 ], ion trap [ 61 , 78 ] and triple quadrupole (QqQ) [ 79 , 102 , 127 ] using full scan [ 60 , 61 , 69 , 103 ], single ion monitoring (SIM) [ 90 , 91 , 100 , 112 ] and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) [ 79 , 102 , 127 ] are the most commonly used. The recovery, accuracy, LODs, and LOQs could change based on the extraction technique applied and analytical approaches ( Table 2 ).…”

Section: Analytical Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Comprehensive Insight from Phthalates Occurrence: From Health Outcomes to Emerging Analytical Approaches

Luís

Algarra

Câmara

2021

Toxics

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Phthalates are a group of chemicals used in a multitude of important industrial products (e.g., medical devices, children’s toys, and food packages), mainly as plasticizers to improve mechanical properties such as flexibility, transparency, durability, and longevity of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The wide occurrence of phthalates in many consumer products, including foods (e.g., bottled water, soft drinks, wine, milk, and meat) brings that most people are exposed to phthalates every day, which raises some concerns. Adverse health outcomes from phthalates exposure have been associated with endocrine disruption, deformities in the human reproductive system, increased risk of preterm birth, carcinogen exposure, among others. Apprehension related to the health risks and ubiquitous incidence of phthalates in foods inspires the development of reliable analytical approaches that allow their detection and quantification at trace levels. The purpose of the current review is to provide information related to the presence of phthalates in the food chain, highlighting the health risks associated with their exposure. Moreover, an overview of emerging extraction procedures and high-resolution analytical approaches for a comprehensive quantification of phthalates is presented.

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Section: Occurrence Of Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analytical Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analytical Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analytical Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analytical Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Comprehensive Insight from Phthalates Occurrence: From Health Outcomes to Emerging Analytical Approaches

Luís

Algarra

Câmara

2021

Toxics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Review on Occurrence, Sources of Contamination, and Mitigation Strategies of Phthalates in Vegetable Oils

Wang

Yang

et al. 2022

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Phthalates (PAEs) are fat‐soluble pollutants with a molecular structure similar to hormones. Long‐term intake of PAEs exceeding the safe dose can lead to poisoning of the liver, kidney, lung, heart, and multiple tissue systems causing harm to the human body. Edible vegetable oil is one of the sources of human exposure to PAEs. Therefore, information on PAE levels in edible vegetable oils is very important for human exposure assessment. This paper reviews the sources of PAEs in edible vegetable oil, the causes of pollution in the process of production, processing, storage, and transportation, relevant control strategies and existing removal methods. Practical applications: This article reviews the sources, content, and removal methods of PAEs in edible vegetable oils. It aims to assess the global pollution status of PAEs in edible vegetable oil, provide information and reference for the control of PAEs in edible vegetable oil, and provide future reference for PAEs in edible vegetable oil.

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Screening of diesters of ortho‐phthalic acid in printed baby bibs in the European market

et al. 2021

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A screening exercise targeting ortho‐phthalates in 22 plastic baby bibs collected in the European market was performed. A GC–MS method was used with a limit of detection ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 mg kg−1 bib. The most frequently detected phthalates were di‐n‐butyl phthalate (DBP) and diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) in nearly all samples. DIBP was detected at concentrations suggesting its intended use. Overall, the highest levels were detected for benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), with six samples presenting concentration from 13 to 47 mg kg−1 and one sample with the highest value of 65 mg kg−1. Results indicate that several non‐authorised phthalates are intentionally used either in the plastic or in the printing inks. Worst case migration calculations indicate that diethyl phthalate (DEP), DAP and DIBP exceed the limit of 0.01 mg kg−1. Therefore, determination of experimental migration is needed to conclude on compliance of baby bibs with the European and Swiss legislation. Bibs are articles that fall in the scope of the definition of FCMs accordingly to European legislation. Therefore, they should comply with the applicable rules, restrictions and limits. These articles should be included in surveillance plans, focusing on monitoring bib composition, migration and the application of good manufacturing practices by industry.

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Determination of phthalates in olive oil from European market

Cited by 30 publications

References 13 publications

Comprehensive Insight from Phthalates Occurrence: From Health Outcomes to Emerging Analytical Approaches

Comprehensive Insight from Phthalates Occurrence: From Health Outcomes to Emerging Analytical Approaches

Review on Occurrence, Sources of Contamination, and Mitigation Strategies of Phthalates in Vegetable Oils

Screening of diesters of ortho‐phthalic acid in printed baby bibs in the European market

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