Determination of phenols and chlorophenols in bottom sediments

Synchronous fluorescence for simultaneous determination of hydroquinone and resorcinol in air samples

“…In order to reduce the overlapping, a synchronous fluorescence spectrum of To employ the synchronous fluorescence technique, the selection of wavelength interval is one of the most important experimental parameters. This selection was made empirically by considering the excitation and emission maximum for both analytes, and the scans were recorded with different values of ∆λ (5,10,15,20,25, and 30 nm). For ∆λ<10 nm, two peaks could not be completely separated.…”

“…Thus, mass spectrometry coupled with a suitable separation technique is necessary for the complete identification. But, coupling liquid chromatography with mass spectroscopy has never been easy [13,14,15]. High-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection or fluorescence detection has emerged as an important tool in the identification of these compounds [16,17].…”

A simple and efficient method for the determination of pollutant phenols in soils with high levels of organic matter

“…However, microwave assisted extraction (MAE) [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] and pressurised liquid extraction (PLE, also known as accelerated solvent extraction, ASE) [15][16][17][18] are used as alternatives despite the use of high temperatures with these techniques having the potential to cause transformation or degradation of some of the analytes, which leads to a decrease in the recoveries and reproducibility [10]. On the other hand, other procedures such as sonication with organic solvents [8,[19][20][21], supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) [8,22,23], purge and trap (P&T) [24] and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) [25] or immersion SPME [26] have been described. Although it is possible to reduce the extraction time and the amount of extraction solvent with these procedures, expensive special equipment and/or the use of hazardous organic solvents is still required.…”

Qualitative and quantitative determination of halogenated derivatives in wastewater from coking plant

“…Some methods recom-mend distillation and liquid/liquid extraction [13,14]. Many of the methods used to determine these compounds include a sample derivatization step [13,15,16]. Chlorophenols are usually determined by means of GC or HPLC.…”

“…Chlorophenols are usually determined by means of GC or HPLC. In GC the most commonly used detectors are the electron capture detector (GC/ECD) or a mass spectrometer (GC/ MS) [12,16]. UV-VIS [17,18], fluorescence [19,20], electrochemical (ED) [21], and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometer (LC-API-MS) [22] detectors are most widely used in HPLC.…”