The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of a new solid-phase extraction cartridge, Spe-ed Advanta, in the extraction and preconcentration of four phenolic compounds (phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 2-nitrophenol, and 2,4-dichlorophenol) from water. The solid phase is a polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin modified with carboxylic groups, these polar groups improve the contact between the matrix and the aqueous solutions in the extraction of polar analytes. We studied several elution solvents in order to find the most efficient one. Sample concentration, sample volume, and sample pH are also investigated as well as the best method for drying the cartridge. Recoveries achieved with the new phase are compared with those obtained with Isolute ENV+, a non-modified polystyrene-divinylbenzene stationary bed. The best experimental conditions were then used for determination of the phenols in spiked environmental waters.
A method to preconcentrate and analyse the EPA priority pollutant phenols from water samples is evaluated. Spe-ed Advanta cartridges, containing 100mg of a polymeric matrix modified with polar groups, are used in the extraction and enrichment step. Several parameters are studied in order to find the best experimental conditions to perform a solid-phase extraction process. Sample flow rate and pH appear as variables that could significantly affect the recoveries obtained. Water samples need a pH adjustment to values lower than 3 units and must be percolated through the cartridges with flow rates over 5 mL min(-1). The highest recoveries and preconcentrations are obtained using acetonitrile as the elution solvent. Sample volumes from 100 mL to 1 L with concentrations ranging from 50 to 0.5 microg L(-1) are analysed with quantitative recoveries and similar efficiencies being achieved. After establishing the best conditions, we applied the method to the analysis of spiked natural waters.
A well-reproducible method to concentrate and determine Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) priority pollutant phenols from soils is developed. Alkaline extraction with 0.1 M NaOH of the phenolic compounds from soil with a high organic content is followed by their concentration in a highly cross-linked polystyrene-divinylbenzene sorbent (Bakerbond SDB-1) and HPLC-UV analysis. Detection limits ranged from 13 to 64 mg kg À1 . The effect of the amount of soil and analyte concentration is evaluated and quantitative recoveries are obtained in all the conditions tested. The proposed methodology is validated by comparing the results obtained with those achieved by applying the official EPA Method 3540C (Soxhlet extraction) and by the analysis of a certified reference soil without significant differences being observed with regards to recovery rates, although the new method proves to be faster. The method is applied to the analysis of spiked soils and to the evaluation of the stability of the analytes in these soils.
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