Determination of phenolic antioxidants in aviation jet fuel

Bernabei, M.; Bocchinfuso, Gianfranco; Carrozzo, P; Angelis, Claudio De

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(99)01274-1

Cited by 30 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The aviation industry is hopeful about alternative fuels for the potential environmental benefit of reduced life cycle greenhouse gas emissions and the economic benefits associated with increased fuel availability and lower fuel costs [31]. Vegetable oils and animal fats would be hydrotreated to produce high cetane number and straight chain alkanes ranging from C 9 to C 18 that can be used in the aviation industry [149][150][151][152]. The hydrotreating process conditions are with temperature of 350−450 1C, pressure of 40 −150 atm, liquid hourly space velocities 0.5−5.0 h −1 , and sulfided NiMo/Al 2 O 3 catalysts.…”

Section: Renewable Jet Fuel Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical review on jet fuel production

Liu

Yan

Chen

2013

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

235

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In present study, we investigated jet fuel production process, including the crude oil-based conventional process, unconventional oil sources-based process, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (F-T) process and renewable jet fuel process and analyzed the details of each jet fuel production process. Among these jet fuel production technologies, the F-T synthesis and renewable jet fuel process supply alternative fuels with potential environmental benefit of reduced life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the economic benefits associated with increased fuel availability and lower fuel costs. The F-T synthesis has a major advantage with the possibility of accepting any carbon-based input, which makes it suitable for using a variety of sources such as coal, natural gas and 2nd generation biomass as feedstocks. The renewable jet fuel process such as Bio-Synfining™ (Syntroleum) and Ecofining™ (UOP) as well as C-L™ (Tianjin University) is a low capital cost process of producing high quality synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK) from bio-renewable feeds like vegetable oils/fats and waste cooking oils/fats, greases, energy plants of jatropha and algal. The SPK has superior fuel properties to other options available today, with higher cetane number, lower cloud point and lower emissions

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Section: Renewable Jet Fuel Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical review on jet fuel production

Liu

Yan

Chen

2013

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

235

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“…The antioxidant 2,6‐di‐ tert ‐butyl‐4‐methylphenol in aviation fuel was determined by HPLC with amperometric detection at a graphite electrode 70. A HPLC method with amperometric detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of the antioxidants 2,6‐di‐ tert ‐butyl‐4‐methylphenol (or butyl‐hydroxytoluene, BHT), 2,4‐dimethyl‐6‐ tert ‐butylphenol, and 2,6‐di‐ tert ‐butylphenol in aviation jet fuels 71. Similarly, HPLC with amperometric detection was applied for the determination of ionol in jet fuels 72.…”

Section: Liquid Fossil Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Determination of Organic Compounds in Automotive Fuels

et al. 2014

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This article critically reviews the electroanalytical methods devoted for the determination of organic compounds in automotive fuels that can range from contaminants to additives typically introduced into liquid biofuels and liquid fossil fuels. Contaminants such as aldehydes and ketones in bioethanol, free fatty acids and glycerol in biodiesel, and sulfur and nitrogen organic compounds in gasoline and diesel fuel, and additives such as colour markers and antioxidants added to fuels were determined by electroanalytical methods. Special focus is given to electrodes, electrochemical techniques, and sample preparation strategies. Future directions of research on electroanalysis of liquid fuels are presented.

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“…Bernbei et al 8 used a combined approach using HPLC with electrochemical detection (ECD) and GC-MS in SIM mode to look at specific AO's in fuels, namely 2,6-di-tert-butylmethylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, and 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol. The goal of this study was to reduce the amount of sample pre-treatment.…”

Section: Determination Of Antioxidants In Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Phenolic Antioxidants in Navy Mobility Fuels by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Morris¹,

Loegel²,

Myers³

et al. 2013

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Determination of phenolic antioxidants in aviation jet fuel

Cited by 30 publications

References 8 publications

Technical review on jet fuel production

Technical review on jet fuel production

Electrochemical Determination of Organic Compounds in Automotive Fuels

Analysis of Phenolic Antioxidants in Navy Mobility Fuels by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

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