Determination of phenolic antioxidants additives in industrial wastewater from polypropylene production using solid phase extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography

Hernández‐Fernández, Joaquín; Rodriguez, E.

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460442

Cited by 33 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This method has been widely employed to evaluate the effectiveness of antioxidants in a given polymer when exposed to an oxidative atmosphere [ 65 , 66 , 67 ]. Primary and secondary antioxidants are commonly used in polymers to improve their performance during manufacture, processing and their service life [ 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ]. Therefore, and previously to test the pipes, some of these common antioxidants were selected for assessment of their thermal behavior under identical OIT conditions to the ones used in the different PP-R pipes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Effective Package of Antioxidants for Avoiding Premature Failure in Polypropylene Random Copolymer Plastic Pipes under Hydrostatic Pressure and High Temperature

Blázquez‐Blázquez

Lahoz²,

Pérez

et al. 2021

Polymers

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Pipes of polypropylene random (PP-R) copolymers are the best choice for hot- and cold-water networks. Validation of a severe test, accomplishing the ISO 1167 standard, is mandatory to assess their service lifetime expectancy. This work evaluates the behavior shown by three commercial pipes, either the original ones (new pipes) or after being subjected to a hydrostatic pressure test at elevated temperature (aged pipes). Several features with relevance for the final performance have been examined: crystalline characteristics, phase transitions in crystalline regions, effect of high temperature and pressure on these transitions, and oxidation induction time. Moreover, the presence of inorganic fillers, and the content of different antioxidants together with their depletion, have also been analyzed. Films from the new pipes were also prepared for replication of the different environments in order to achieve a better and complete understanding of the phase transitions in the crystalline regions and of the consumption of antioxidants. Distinct environments surrounded the inner and outer parts of the pipes exposed to the failure aging test at 110 °C: hot water and warm dry air, respectively. These features play a key role in the loss of additives and in the subsequent initiation of degradation. Even if the crystalline characteristics are appropriate in the polymeric matrix, the success of a pipe lies in the homogeneous dispersion of components for avoiding damage at interfacial properties, and in a correct package of antioxidants used in its formulation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Effective Package of Antioxidants for Avoiding Premature Failure in Polypropylene Random Copolymer Plastic Pipes under Hydrostatic Pressure and High Temperature

Blázquez‐Blázquez

Lahoz²,

Pérez

et al. 2021

Polymers

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“…Shazand Petrochemical, Iran, provided polymer-grade propylene. The hydrogen and nitrogen used had a purity of 99.999% [ 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Different Concentrations of Arsine on the Synthesis and Final Properties of Polypropylene

et al. 2022

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This article studies the effects of arsine on the synthesis and thermal degradation of 4 samples of virgin polypropylene (PP-virgin) and proposes reaction mechanisms that allow understanding of its behaviour. Different points are monitored during the polypropylene synthesis to perform TGA, DSC, FT-IR, RDX, and MFI analyses later. The content of AsH3 in polypropylene varies between 0.05 and 4.73 ppm, and of arsenic in virgin PP residues between 0.001 and 4.32 ppm for PP0 and PP10, increasing in fluidity index from 3.0 to 24.51. The origin of thermo-oxidative degradation is explained by the reaction mechanisms of the Molecule AsH3 with the active titanium center of the ZN catalyst and the subsequent oxidation to form radical complexes. OO-AsH-TiCl4-MgCl2 and (OO-as-OO)2 -TiCl4-MgCl2, which, by radical reactions, give rise to the formation of functional groups aldehyde, ketone, alcohol, carboxylic acid, CO, CO2, PP-Polyol, PP-Polyether, and PP-Isopropylethers. These species caused the TG and DTG curves to increase degradation peaks in pp samples.

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“…For the detection of microplastics, different methods are used, either visually or microscopically. These include classifying the sample only with the human eye, by means of the colors and size presented [29,30]; spectroscopic means, such as FT-IR, Raman or SEM-EDS, which allow for more precise identification and classification of microplastics, since they provide numbers and sizes of particles and, hence, information on the composition of the material [31][32][33]; using thermo-analytical products, such as DSC or Pyr-GC/MS, which enable identification through analysis of the thermal properties of the material and the decomposition gases generated; and generating data about the kind of polymer and its mass [2,5,24,34,35]. Different authors have presented methods to quantify the mass quantity of microplastics using DSC [36,37], such that the degradation of the microplastics contained in a sample is recognized, measured and determined using a single thermal study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Quantification of Microplastics in Effluents of Wastewater Treatment Plant by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

et al. 2022

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In this research, the presence of microplastics was detected through a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis of three wastewater treatment plants. One of these plants applied only a preliminary treatment stage while the others applied up to a secondary treatment stage to evaluate their effectiveness. The results showed the presence of polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which were classified as fragments, fibers or granules. During the evaluation of the plants, it was determined that the preliminary treatment did not remove more than 58% of the microplastics, while the plants applying up to a secondary treatment with activated sludge achieved microplastic removal effectiveness between 90% and 96.9%.

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Determination of phenolic antioxidants additives in industrial wastewater from polypropylene production using solid phase extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography

Cited by 33 publications

References 22 publications

An Effective Package of Antioxidants for Avoiding Premature Failure in Polypropylene Random Copolymer Plastic Pipes under Hydrostatic Pressure and High Temperature

An Effective Package of Antioxidants for Avoiding Premature Failure in Polypropylene Random Copolymer Plastic Pipes under Hydrostatic Pressure and High Temperature

Effects of Different Concentrations of Arsine on the Synthesis and Final Properties of Polypropylene

Identification and Quantification of Microplastics in Effluents of Wastewater Treatment Plant by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

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