Determination of pesticides in postmortem blood and bone marrow of pesticide treated rabbits

Poisoning of cats and dogs by the carbamate pesticides aldicarb and carbofuran

“…When one of these substances is found in the matrix, it is an indicative that the animal had contact with them (Harper et al, 1998). Another finding is that in some cases, we could detect more than one metabolite in the same animal by examining different matrices, which may be related to their stability and carcass distribution (Akcan et al, 2009;Baron and Merriam, 1988;Campelo and Caldas, 2010;Drummer et al, 2013;Risher et al, 1987;Skopp, 2010). In two cases, pesticides were detected in the vitreous humour, that is proven to be a reliable biological matrix for forensic purpose (Berkowicz et al, 2003;Guerrero et al, 2010;Thierauf et al, 2009).…”

Postmortem measurement of caffeine in bone marrow: Influence of sample location and correlation with blood concentration

“…Caffeine is hydrophilic (log P À0.07), like meprobamate (log P 0.7) and ethanol (log P À0.31) for which BM concentrations were reported to be lower than in blood [20,22]. Drugs with lipophylic properties (e.g., diazinon [23], benzodiazepines [4,24,25], and tricyclic antidepressant [26,27]), on the other hand, were reported to accumulate in BM (high BM/blood concentration ratio).…”

State-of-the-art of bone marrow analysis in forensic toxicology: a review

“…Lipid removal can be achieved by an additional hexane wash of the final extract [3,22,24,59,60] or by multi-step extraction as proposed by Guillot et al for the quantification of morphine and 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM) [54]. A solid-phase extraction process was successfully applied to BM analysis in other studies [29,30,49,56,61].…”

“…However, these conclusions are to be taken with caution due to the limited population size and the great heterogeneity of results. In another study, 12 rabbits received lethal per os doses of diazinon or endosulfan [61]. Each animal acted as its own control: BM from the right tibia and femur were analyzed immediately, then remains were buried for a 1-month period.…”