Determination of peroxycarboxylic acids by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection

Kirk, Ole; Damhus, Ture; Christensen, Morten Würtz

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(92)85256-s

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…1-3 [17][18][19] ), chromatography methods ( Table 1: no. 4-6 [20][21][22] ), absorbance ( Table 1: no. 7-11 [23][24][25][26][27] ), and fluorescence ( 28 ) detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescent Assay for Directed Evolution of Perhydrolases

et al. 2012

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Directed evolution offers opportunities to improve promiscuous activities of hydrolases in rounds of diversity generation and high-throughput screening. In this article, we developed and validated a screening platform to improve the perhydrolytic activity of proteases and likely other hydrolases (e.g., lipases or esterases). Key was the development of a highly sensitive fluorescent assay (sensitivity in the µM range) based on 3-carboxy-7-hydroxycoumarin (HCC) formation. HCC is released through an hypobromite-mediated oxidation of 7-(4′-aminophenoxy)-3-carboxycoumarin (APCC), which enables for the first time a continuous measurement of peroxycarboxylic acid formation with a standard deviation of 11% in microtiter plates with a wide pH range window (5-9). As example, subtilisin Carlsberg was subjected to site saturation mutagenesis at position G165, yielding a variant T58A/G165L/L216W with 5.4-fold increased k cat for perhydrolytic activity compared with wild type.

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“…1-3 [17][18][19] ), chromatography methods ( Table 1: no. 4-6 [20][21][22] ), absorbance ( Table 1: no. 7-11 [23][24][25][26][27] ), and fluorescence ( 28 ) detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescent Assay for Directed Evolution of Perhydrolases

et al. 2012

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“…They include titration procedures [9,10], spectrophotometric [11 -13] and conductivity [2] measurements, as well as gas-chromatographic [14 -15] and high-performance liquidchromatographic [1,16] approaches. Even though some of these approaches are characterized by high selectivity and quite low detection limits, they are in general unsuitable for on-line and in situ monitoring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Detection of Peracetic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide by Amperometry at Pt and Au Electrodes

et al. 2006

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Based on preliminary voltammetric investigations at both Pt and Au electrodes in aqueous solutions buffered at different pH values in the range 0 -10, two possible profitable triple-pulse amperometric approaches were developed for determining simultaneously peroxyacetic acid (PAA) and hydrogen peroxide present in the same samples. At both surfaces a pulsed waveform applied at rotating-disc electrodes was adopted to take advantage on one hand of the optimized signal reproducibility achieved by this potential multistep antifouling approach and on the other hand of the constant thickness of the diffusion layer, which is necessary when the recording of time-independent currents is desired. At a rotating-disc Pt electrode an anodic selective signal was indeed recorded for H 2 O 2 alone, while PAA contents could be inferred only from the difference of convenient signals, since at all pHs explored its sole cathodic reaction could be observed at potentials coincident with those proper for the reduction of H 2 O 2 too. The same pulse approach at Au electrodes instead provided totally independent signals for the two analytes considered, thus proving to be suitable for their independent detection. In fact, H 2 O 2 alone undergoes anodic oxidation also at this surface, while the reduction of PAA occurs at potentials less cathodic than those required for H 2 O 2 . At both electrodes, the best results turned out to be achieved at pH 0 in terms of both precision (AE 2 -4%) and detection limits (0.2 -0.3 mM), as well as of linear range which extended for about three orders of magnitude. The kinetics of the equilibrium involving the generation of H 2 O 2 from the reaction of PAA with water was also evaluated, since it was suspected of making unreliable the proposed amperometric approaches.

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“…Gas chromatography [66][67][68] and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [69][70][71] have been used for the determination of very low concentrations of PAA in, for example, atmospheric samples. Electroanalytical methods of peracid determination include potentiometry and voltammetry.…”

Section: Applied and Residual Peracid Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peracids in water treatment: A critical review

Luukkonen

Pehkonen

2016

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

256

122

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Peracids have gained interest in the water treatment over the last few decades. Peracetic acid (CH 3 CO 3 H) has already become an accepted alternative disinfectant in wastewater disinfection whereas performic acid (CHO 3 H) has been studied much less, although it is also already commercially available. Peracids have also been tested for drinking water disinfection, oxidation of aqueous (micro)pollutants, sludge treatment and ballast water treatment, to name just a few examples. The purpose of this review paper is to represent comprehensive up-to-date information about the water treatment applications, aqueous reaction mechanisms, and disinfection byproduct formation of peracids, namely performic, peracetic and perpropionic acids. and PFA have several of the qualities of an ideal disinfectant: toxicity to microorganisms, but not to higher forms of life; effectivity at ambient temperatures; stability and long shelf-life; low corrosivity; deodorizing ability; widespread availability and reasonable cost [12].PAA and PFA are colorless liquids with characteristic pungent odors. Both are thermodynamically unstable and can decompose spontaneously or explode when highly concentrated, heated, under mechanical stress or exposed to catalytic effects of impurities [1,13,14]. The recommended storage temperatures are below 30 and 20°C for PAA and PFA, respectively [6,14]. Longer carbon chain length increases stability, and thus PAA is more stable than PFA [1]. However, the O-O bond dissociation energy of PFA and PAA has been calculated to be similar: 48 kcal/mol [15]. Percarboxylic acids have typically pK a values 3-4 units higher than the parent carboxylic acids [1]. Nonetheless, PFA and PAA are corrosive [16]. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 3Exposure to PAA and PFA causes irritation and possibly permanent damage to the skin (cutaneous emphysema), eyes and the respiratory system. In the skin contact, 0.2% is proposed as the no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) for short and medium length exposure [17].When inhaled, airborne concentrations less than 0.16-0.17 ppm (0.50-0.52 mg/m 3 ) are considered to cause no irritation [17,18]. However, higher concentrations are harmful and a case study suggested that PAA could cause occupational asthma [19].The largest users of PAA on a global scale (estimated in 2013) are shown in Fig. 1. Similar numbers are not available for PFA, but it is probably used at significantly lower quantities.The largest user, the food industry, applies PAA as a disinfectant in fresh produce washing water, clean-in-place (CIP) processes, on food processing equipment, and in pasteurizers, to name just a few examples [21,22]. PFA is also a suitable disinfectant in low-temperature refrigerated food processing and storage rooms [23]. In healthcare, PAA is used for instance in Recently, methods to determine the residual PAA from wastewater were compared: the spectrophotometric method using DPD and catalase was recommended for 0.1-0.5 mg/L PAA concentrations and the cerimetric/iodometric titration...

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Determination of peroxycarboxylic acids by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection

Cited by 36 publications

References 7 publications

Fluorescent Assay for Directed Evolution of Perhydrolases

Fluorescent Assay for Directed Evolution of Perhydrolases

Simultaneous Detection of Peracetic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide by Amperometry at Pt and Au Electrodes

Peracids in water treatment: A critical review

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