Determination of pentachlorophenol in wastewater irrigated soils and incubated earthworms

Abstract

The analyses of low pentachlorophenol (PCP) in soils and earthworms require a sensitive and reliable analytical method. In this paper, several derivatization methods and extraction solvents were compared systematically. The derivatization reagents included acetic anhydride, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl bromide (PFBBr) and diazomethane. Hexane, acetone, hexane-acetone (1:1), dichloromethane and methanol were used as the extraction solvents. PFBBr derivatization showed the highest sensitivity. The derivatization parameters of PFBBr including the amount of PFBBr, the power and irradiation time of microwave were optimized. As a result, 200 l of PFBBr (10%) at 150 W of microwave oven for 30 min achieved the best result. The PFBBr derivatization method had the detection limit of 0.07 g l −1 of PCP. Extraction by a mixture of hexane and acetone (1:1) showed the best recoveries. The recommended method was used to determine the low PCP in soils irrigated by wastewater and earthworms incubated in the corresponding soils. The concentrations of PCP in soils were in the range of 1.38-179 ng g −1 , while those in earthworms were 11.2-262 ng g −1 . The recoveries of the surrogate standard (trichlorophenol) ranged from 81.1% to 107%, demonstrating the merit of the method.

Effects of pentachlorophenol on the quail ( Coturnix japonica ) liver detoxification pathway

“…The average level of PCP in river sediments was 7.93 ng/g based on dry weight, ranging from 1.44 to 34.4 ng/g in the Pearl River Delta (Hong et al, 2005). The concentrations of PCP in soils irrigated by wastewater were in the range of 1.38e179 ng/g (Liu et al, 2006). PCP is absorbed by oral, dermal, and inhalation routes (Karlsson et al, 2013).…”

Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and liquid chromatographic determination of pentachlorophenol in water

“…So effect of this parameter was studied using solutions containing different volumes of tetrachloroethylene (10,15,20, 30, 50, 70 and 100 µL) in acetone. Fig.…”

“…So in order to manage environmental pollution and increase the drinking water quality, there is a vital need to develop more sensitive methods for PCP determination. Various analytical methods such as spectrophotometric [6], liquid chromatographic [7][8][9], gas chromatographic [10] and electrochemical methods [11] have been developed for this purpose.…”

Purification, Characterization, and Time-Dependent Adsorption Studies of Ghanaian Muscovite Clay

“…ey are the main contaminants in wastewater generated from petroleum refineries, dye-and phenol-producing industries, and general households which use phenol-based disinfectants [7]. Phenols also enter the environment through the use of phenoxy herbicides such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid and also phenolic biocides like pentachlorophenol [8]. ese compounds are classified as noxious pollutants because of their toxicity even at low concentrations.…”