Determination of penicillin in pharmaceutical formulations by flow injection analysis using an optimised immobilised penicillinase reactor and iodometric detection

Opstal, M.A.J. van; Wolters, René; Blauw, J.S.; Krimpen, P. C. van; Bennekom, W.P. van; Bult, A.

doi:10.1016/0731-7085(90)80006-b

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…To achieve low detection limits, a low capacity buffer solution (0.2 mM polymix buffer containing 100 mM KCl to adjust the ionic strength, pH 8 [24]) has been used. Usually, penicillin biosensors in a single PenFET configuration show a certain blank pH response due to the change of the pH value of the bulk penicillin solution (especially in the case of a low capacity buffer solution) during the solution preparation (due to the spontaneous hydrolysis of 0.5 -1% of penicillin as reported in [25]) and during the measurement period. Therefore, for the exact measurement of the penicillin concentration in the test samples, a pH ISFET/PenFET differential sensor configuration (with nearly identical intrinsic sensor characteristics, where the pH ISFET acts as a reference system) has been selected.…”

Section: Penicillin Sensor: Single Penfet and Ph Isfet/ Penfet Differmentioning

confidence: 98%

Detecting Both Physical and (Bio‐)Chemical Parameters by Means of ISFET Devices

Poghossian

Schöning

2004

Electroanalysis

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A multi-parameter sensor system for the detection of eight (bio-)chemical and physical parameters (pH, potassium concentration, penicillin concentration, diffusion coefficient of H þ -and OH --ions, temperature, flow velocity, flow direction and liquid level) is realized by using the same transducer principle. A Ta 2 O 5 -gate ISFET (ion-sensitive fieldeffect transistor) is applied as basic transducer for all kinds of sensors. The multi-parameter detection is achieved by means of sequentially or simultaneously scheduling of the hybride sensor modules consisting of four ISFET structures and an ion generator in different sensor arrangements and/or different operation modes. Thus, more parameters (eight) can be detected than the number of sensors (four) in the system.

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Section: Penicillin Sensor: Single Penfet and Ph Isfet/ Penfet Differmentioning

confidence: 98%

Detecting Both Physical and (Bio‐)Chemical Parameters by Means of ISFET Devices

Poghossian

Schöning

2004

Electroanalysis

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“…PEN-G, FLU, AMO and AMP were determined in pharmaceutical formulations using an optimized immobilized penicillinase reactor and iodometric detection [137]. FIA determination of PEN-G in pharmaceutical formulations based on the enzymatic hydrolysis of the penicillin to the corresponding penicilloic acid which reacts with iodine generated on-line and the iodine consumption was detected amperometrically [138].…”

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confidence: 99%

Chromatographic analysis of penicillins in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids

Samanidou

Evaggelopoulou

Papadoyannis³

2006

J of Separation Science

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Natural penicillin (benzylpenicillin) is the oldest antibiotic observed by Alexander Fleming in 1928. To broaden its spectrum of activity, natural penicillin was modified, giving rise to a group of antibiotics under the name 'penicillins'. Although an increasing number of bacteria appear to be resistant to them, penicillins are used to treat a variety of bacterial infections including Gram-positive, Gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Consequently, they are widely used in human and veterinary medicine to prevent and treat diseases. This review covers the analytical methodologies, mainly chromatographic, employed to the penicillins determination in pharmaceutical formulations, biological fluids and in production-scale fermentations reported in the literature. Results of published assays are comparatively presented focusing on sample preparation regarding isolation and purification, chromatographic conditions and method validation. Information on chemical structure, spectrum of activity and action mechanism of common penicillins has also been given.

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“…It is therefore desirable to have reliable methods to follow and compare the activity of the different enzyme preparations. Many such methods have been developed in the field of flow-injection analysis (FIA) 2 (using, e.g., iodometric method (8,9), molybdenum blue method (10), potentiometric method (11,12), and enzyme thermistor (13)). FIA has been successfully applied to the monitoring of several fermentation variables including penicillins and cephalosporins.…”

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confidence: 99%