Determination of paracetamol: Historical evolution

Bosch, M. Espinosa; Ruiz-Sánchez, Antonio J.; Rojas, F. Sánchez; Ojeda, C. Bosch

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2006.04.007

Cited by 213 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 251 publications

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“…Paracetamol is regarded as a very effective drug for the relief of pain and fever in adults and children (Bosch et al, 2006), considered by WHO palliative in care of children (WHO, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the ability of powdered milk to produce minitablets containing paracetamol for the paediatric population

Pinto

Brachkova

Fernandes

et al. 2016

Chemical Engineering Research and Design

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The work aims at evaluating the usefulness of powdered milk as a drug matrix for the production of minitablets specifically designed for children. Mixtures made of powdered milk, paracetamol, mannitol, sodium croscarmellose and magnesium stearate (evaluated for flow properties, cohesiveness and caking tendency) were compacted into beams (evaluated for deformation, elasticity and stiffness) and minitablets (evaluated for uniformity of mass, thickness, tensile strength and paracetamol mean dissolution time) and a 2 3 factorial design performed. The increase on milk fraction in the formulation improved the compressibility of paracetamol and hardness of compacts, reducing weight variation and paracetamol release. A marked decrease on the dissolution time was observed as sodium croscarmellose was added to the milk rich formulations. The increase of the compression force resulted in the production of thinner compacts but had little effect on dissolution time. The production of beams has shown that deformation, bending strength and stiffness increased with both milk and compaction pressure, and decreased with sodium croscarmellose, whereas elasticity decreased when all variables increased. Tensile strength and mean dissolution time described minitablets well, unlike compaction force. The study has proved that powdered milk is suitable for the production of minitablets by direct compression of poor compressible drugs. Highlights-Powdered milk can be used as a matrix to deliver poorly compressible drugs.-Minitablets can be produced by direct compression of drug and powdered milk.-Materials' behaviour is different as powders, compacts or tablets.-The complexity of milk materials justifies unexpected outcomes for compacts and tablets.-Mean drug dissolution time was the most sensitive parameter to assess tablets' performance.

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“…Paracetamol is regarded as a very effective drug for the relief of pain and fever in adults and children (Bosch et al, 2006), considered by WHO palliative in care of children (WHO, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the ability of powdered milk to produce minitablets containing paracetamol for the paediatric population

Pinto

Brachkova

Fernandes

et al. 2016

Chemical Engineering Research and Design

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“…It is the most used medicine after acetylsalicylic acid in many countries as an alternative to aspirin and phenacetin [2]. PC, a weak acid having pK a value of 9.5, rapidly gets absorbed and distributed after oral administration and is easily excreted in urine [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel approach for the determination of paracetamol based on the reduction of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine formed on the electrochemically treated pencil graphite electrode

Özcan

Şahin

2011

Analytica Chimica Acta

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“…Many methods have been reported for acetaminophen determination in biological fluids, and although some of them are able to analyze a great number of patients, they require sample volumes as high as 1 mL of plasma (Espinosa Bosch et al, 2006). For this reason, their usefulness in pharmacokinetic studies is poor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A reliable method of liquid chromatography for the quantification of acetaminophen and identification of its toxic metabolite N‐acetyl‐p‐benzoquinoneimine for application in pediatric studies

Flores‐Pérez

Chávez‐Pacheco

Ramírez-Mendiola

et al. 2010

Biomedical Chromatography

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The aim of the present study was to develop a simple, selective and reliable method to quantify acetaminophen and its toxic metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) for pediatric studies using 100 µL plasma samples, by reverse-phase HPLC and UV detection. The assay was performed using a C₁₈ column and an isocratic elution with water-methanol-formic acid (70:30:0.15; v/v/v) as mobile phase. Linearity of the method was assayed in the range of 1-30 µg/mL for acetaminophen and 10-200 µg/mL for NAPQI, with a correlation coefficient r = 0.999 for both compounds, and inter- and intra-day coefficients of variation of less than 13%. Several commonly co-administered drugs were analyzed for selectivity and no interference with the determinations was observed. The detection and quantification limits for acetaminophen and NAPQI were 0.1 and 1 µg/mL, and 0.1 and 10 µg/mL respectively. The present method can be used to monitor acetaminophen levels using 100 µL plasma samples, which may be helpful when very small samples need to be analyzed, as in pharmacokinetics determination or drug monitoring in plasma in children. This assay is also able to detect the NAPQI for drug monitoring in patients diagnosed with acetaminophen intoxication.

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Determination of paracetamol: Historical evolution

Cited by 213 publications

References 251 publications

Evaluation of the ability of powdered milk to produce minitablets containing paracetamol for the paediatric population

Evaluation of the ability of powdered milk to produce minitablets containing paracetamol for the paediatric population

A novel approach for the determination of paracetamol based on the reduction of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine formed on the electrochemically treated pencil graphite electrode

A reliable method of liquid chromatography for the quantification of acetaminophen and identification of its toxic metabolite N‐acetyl‐p‐benzoquinoneimine for application in pediatric studies

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