2015
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.074
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Determination of parabens in human milk and other food samples by capillary electrophoresis after dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with back-extraction

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Cited by 76 publications
(27 citation statements)
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“…In general, these additives can be obtained from nature or manufactured by the chemical industry. The main food additives analyzed by CE in the period covered by this review (2013–2015) were sweeteners , preservatives , and colorants .…”
Section: Food Additivesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In general, these additives can be obtained from nature or manufactured by the chemical industry. The main food additives analyzed by CE in the period covered by this review (2013–2015) were sweeteners , preservatives , and colorants .…”
Section: Food Additivesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The salt concentration seems to decrease the solubility of acetonitrile in water phase impairing the cloudy state. 30 Furthermore, the residual sodium might provide ion suppression decreasing the analytical signal in MS/MS. 17 Thus, no addition of NaCl was selected.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[1][2][3] When parabens are present in high concentrations in the dermis, they may accumulate in the human body tissues in a similar way to other lipophilic compounds, which are bioaccumulative, or they may induce allergic dermatitis in sensitive individuals. 3,4 Although the use of parabens is regulated, traces concentrations of unhydrolyzed parabens have been determined in different biological samples, including plasma, 5 breast milk, [6][7][8][9] ovarian tissues, 10 urine, 4,7,[11][12][13][14] and serum 4,7,13,15 by chromatographic or electrophoresis techniques. Biological samples may not be introduced in their nature state in chromatographic systems, due to their endogenous compounds, mainly the proteins that can: (i) suppress the ionization of analytes, during the ionization process (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis); (ii) co-elute with analytes, during the chromatographic separation; or (iii) adsorb irreversibly in analytical column.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Biological samples may not be introduced in their nature state in chromatographic systems, due to their endogenous compounds, mainly the proteins that can: (i) suppress the ionization of analytes, during the ionization process (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis); (ii) co-elute with analytes, during the chromatographic separation; or (iii) adsorb irreversibly in analytical column. Therefore, several sample preparation techniques, including protein precipitation, 16 solid phase extraction (SPE), 4,5,11,13 stir-membrane solid-liquid-liquid microextraction (SM-SLLME), 9 dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), 8,15 and microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS), 12 have been used in combination with chromatographic or electrophoresis techniques to determine parabens in biological samples.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%