In this work, the analysis of foods and food components using capillary electromigration methods is reviewed. The present work presents and discusses the main CE applications performed in Food Science and Technology including the new field of Foodomics, reviewing recent results on food quality and safety, nutritional value, storage, bioactivity, as well as applications of CE for monitoring food interactions and food processing. The CE analysis of a large variety of food-related molecules with different chemical properties, including amino acids, peptides, proteins, phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, DNA fragments, vitamins, toxins, pesticides, additives, and other minor compounds is described. The use of microchips, CE-MS, and chiral-CE in food analysis is also discussed as well as other current and foreseen trends in this area of research. Following the previous review by Castro-Puyana et al. (Electrophoresis, 2012, 33, 147–167), the current review covers the papers that were published from February 2011 to February 2013.

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Foodomics has been defined as a global discipline in which advanced analytical techniques and bioinformatics are combined to address different questions in food science and nutrition. There is a growing number of works on the development and application of non-targeted omics methods in foodomics, which reflects that this emerging discipline is already considered by the scientific community to be a valuable approach to assess food safety, quality, and traceability as well as for the study of the links between food and health. As a result, there is a clear need for more rapid, high-throughput MS approaches for developing and applying non-targeted studies. Nowadays, direct MS analysis is one of the main choices to achieve high throughput, generating a set of information from the largest possible number of samples in a fast and straightforward way. The use of high- and ultrahigh-resolution MS greatly improves the analytical performance and offers a good combination of selectivity and sensitivity. By using a range of methods for direct sample introduction/desorption/ionization, high-throughput and non-target analysis of a variety of samples can be obtained in a few seconds by HRMS analysis. In this review, a general overview is presented of the main characteristics of direct HRMS-based approaches and their principal applications in foodomics.

This review work presents and discusses the main applications of capillary electromigration methods in food analysis and Foodomics. Papers that were published during the period February 2013-February 2015 are included following the previous review by Garcia-Cañas et al. (Electrophoresis, 2014, 35, 147-169). Analysis by CE of a large variety of food-related molecules with different chemical properties, including amino acids, hazardous amines, peptides, proteins, phenols, polyphenols, lipids, carbohydrates, DNAs, vitamins, toxins, contaminants, pesticides, residues, food additives, as well as small organic and inorganic compounds. This work includes recent results on food quality and safety, nutritional value, storage, bioactivity, as well as applications of CE for monitoring food processing. The use, among other CE developments, of microchips, CE-MS, and chiral CE in food analysis and Foodomics is also discussed.

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This report aims to characterize the bioactive content of pepper (Capsicum L., Solanaceae) accessions from a Brazilian germplasm collection. Peppers are currently a major vegetable crop worldwide, with 31 Tg produced in 2013, according to FAO. Seventy‐two accessions of Capsicum annuum L., C. baccatum L., C. chinense Jacq., and C. frutescens L. were evaluated and high variability was observed in soluble solids, pH, acidity, fruit color, total phenolic content, total carotenoid content, antioxidant potential, and capsaicinoid content. Accessions P119, P302, and P189 had the highest phenolic compound contents, which ranged from 225.16 to 243.47 mg gallic acid equivalent 100 g−1. The highest antioxidant potential observed ranged from 2.71 to 3.03 mmol Trolox equivalent 100 mg −1 in accessions P287, P50, and P25. Maximum carotenoid content was seen in accessions P269, P280, and P179, which contained between 53.42 and 54.11 mg β‐carotene equivalent 100 g−1. Capsaicinoid content was highest in accessions P120, P246, and P236 and ranged from 6132.00 to 19,543.70 mg 100 g−1. Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin represented, on average, 79% of the total capasaicinoid content. No one accession contained high levels of multiple bioactive compounds.

BACKGROUND Plants activate defense mechanisms to cope with adverse environmental conditions, leading to the accumulation and / or depletion of general and specialized metabolites. In this study, a multiplatform untargeted metabolomics strategy was employed to evaluate metabolic changes in strawberry fruit of cv. Camarosa grown under osmotic stress conditions. Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) data from strawberries grown under two water‐deficit conditions, irrigated at 95% crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and 85% ETc, and one excess salt condition with a 80 mmol L−1 NaCl solution, were analyzed to determine treatment effects on fruit metabolism. RESULTS Multivariate principal component analysis, orthogonal projections to latent structures – discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA), and univariate statistical analyses were applied to the data set. While multivariate analyses showed group separation by treatment, T‐tests and fold change revealed 12 metabolites differentially accumulated in strawberries from different treatments – among them phenolic compounds, glycerophospholipids, phytosterols, carbohydrates, and an aromatic amino acid. CONCLUSION Untargeted metabolomic analysis allowed for the annotation of compounds differentially accumulated in strawberry fruit from plants grown under osmotic stress and non‐stressed plants. The metabolic disturbance in plants under stress involved metabolites associated with the inhibition of reactive oxygen species and cell‐wall and membrane lipid biosynthesis, which might serve as osmotic stress biomarkers. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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