Determination of oil and grease by solid phase extraction and infrared spectroscopy

Romero, María Cristina; Ferrer, Núria

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00326-8

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Such problems have been observed before in water matrixes (Romero and Ferrer, 1999). For instance, it has been reported that low boiling point constituents (gasoline and other volatile fractions) can be lost by evaporation during manipulative transfers (sample preparation).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…For instance, it has been reported that low boiling point constituents (gasoline and other volatile fractions) can be lost by evaporation during manipulative transfers (sample preparation). However, the losses due to manipulative transfers in IR methods may be much lower than those experienced during gravimetric procedures, which require solvent evaporation before residue is weighed (Romero and Ferrer, 1999). Therefore, the optimized procedure seems to be a good choice for estimation of levels of PHC contamination in solid matrixes and for monitoring evolution of solid matrixes recovering during decontamination processes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Improved Method for the Determination of Petroleum Hydrocarbons From Soil Using a Simple Ultrasonic Extraction and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry

Couto

Borges

Guedes

et al. 2013

Petroleum Science and Technology

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An environmentally friendly, cheap, and quick method for total petroleum hydrocarbons determination in solid matrixes (soil and sediments) is described. The method involves a simple extraction process (ultrasonic bath) and requires reduced amounts of solvent and solid sample. The analysis is carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry. Detection limits were 63 or 24 mg kg −1 depending on the cell path length (10 or 40 mm, respectively). The method is suitable for application in weathered contaminated soils, which usually presents low availability of contaminants and seems to be a good choice, for instance, for monitoring evolution of soil or sediment recovering during a decontamination process.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Method for the Determination of Petroleum Hydrocarbons From Soil Using a Simple Ultrasonic Extraction and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry

Couto

Borges

Guedes

et al. 2013

Petroleum Science and Technology

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“…The total oils and fats contained in the sample are first extracted with hexane. This extract was then evaporated to dryness and weighed to determine the concentration of total oils and fats by gravimetry (Romero & Ferrer, 1999).…”

Section: Oil and Greasementioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution to the Physico-Chemical Characterization of the Wastewater of Four Industrial Units of Preserve and Semi Fish Preserve of the City of Anza (North of Agadir)

Noureddine

Hajji²,

Hafid³

et al. 2020

AST

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The main objective of this study is to characterize the industrial wastewater of the city of Anza located north of Agadir in southwestern Morocco in order to recommend an adequate treatment allowing their reuse, thus reducing the nuisances that undergo the receiving environment (Anza Beach). This study concerns four industrial canned and semi-preserved fish plants that directly discharge their wastewater into the Anza beach. The physicochemical characterization of raw wastewater throughout 2017 revealed that these liquid discharges are heavily loaded with organic matter in terms of COD (Avg = 10557 mg O2 / L) and BOD5 (Avg = 4877 mg O2 / L). ), in TSS (Avg = 3537 mg / L) in mineral matter expressed in terms of chlorides (Avg = 25749 mg / L), and in electrical conductivity (Avg = 68957 μs / cm) with a mean pH close to neutrality. The average levels of total nitrogen and total phosphorus are respectively of the order of 631 mg / L and 84 mg / L. Although these wastewaters have a high organic load (ratio BOD5 / COD = 0.46 and TSS / BOD5 = 0.72), they have a satisfactory biodegradability. Examination of the COD / BOD5 ratio of about 2.16 clearly underlines the biodegradability of the industrial wastewater studied. Biological treatment seems quite suitable.

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“…Generally speaking, grease is formulated from a base oil, typically 85 wt%, a thickener system at about 10 wt% plus other possible ingredients imparting special properties. 1,2 Grease as a lubricant involves properties of the base oil, the thickener, and any functional additive. Furthermore, lubricating grease can be often much more than a lubricant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological behaviors of three novel imidazoline-type thiadiazole derivatives as multifunctional lubricant additives in biodegradable lithium grease

Chen

Ren

et al. 2012

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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Three novel imidazoline-type thiadiazole derivatives are prepared and used as antiwear and extreme-pressure additives in biodegradable lithium grease, and their tribological performances are evaluated using a four-ball tester. Tribological tests show that all derivatives are effective in reducing wear, especially at lower additive concentrations. Oleic acidimidazoline-type thiadiazole derivative is a preferred additive to reduce wear. For the friction-reducing property of base grease, improvements after using these derivatives are not remarkable. On the other hand, these derivatives are also effective extreme-pressure additives. In order to understand the friction process further, chemical composition of tribofilms under antiwear/extreme-pressure regime is analyzed by X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy, and thermal films are also considered for comparison. Thermal films formed by these imidazoline-type thiadiazole derivatives consist of adsorbed organic sulfide and ferrous sulfide. Sulfur presents several chemical valences in the antiwear regime, and tribofilms generated by stearic acid and lauric acid-imidazoline-type thiadiazole derivatives at 1.0 wt% are composed of ferrous disulfide, ferrous sulfide and ferrous sulfate. The appearance of disulfide suggests that the interfacial temperature between the upper ball and three lower balls under antiwear conditions is considerably low. Composition of extreme-pressure films generated by oleic acid and lauric acid-imidazoline-type thiadiazole derivatives is only ferrous sulfide, and the extreme-pressure film for stearic acid imidazoline-type thiadiazole derivative is a mixture of ferrous sulfide, ferrous sulfate, and adsorbed organic sulfide.

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Determination of oil and grease by solid phase extraction and infrared spectroscopy

Cited by 25 publications

References 4 publications

An Improved Method for the Determination of Petroleum Hydrocarbons From Soil Using a Simple Ultrasonic Extraction and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry

An Improved Method for the Determination of Petroleum Hydrocarbons From Soil Using a Simple Ultrasonic Extraction and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry

Contribution to the Physico-Chemical Characterization of the Wastewater of Four Industrial Units of Preserve and Semi Fish Preserve of the City of Anza (North of Agadir)

Tribological behaviors of three novel imidazoline-type thiadiazole derivatives as multifunctional lubricant additives in biodegradable lithium grease

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