Determination of ochratoxin A at the ppt level in human blood, serum, milk and some foodstuffs by high-performance liquid chromatography with enhanced fluorescence detection and immunoaffinity column cleanup: methodology and Swiss data

Zimmerli, B.; Dick, Rudolf

doi:10.1016/0378-4347(94)00569-q

Cited by 352 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The analyses were carried out according to the method of Zimmerli and Dick (1995). Up to 2 ml of human plasma was mixed with 10 ml 2 M NaCl solution containing 34 ml 85% H 3 PO 4 /l.…”

Section: Chemical Analysis Of Plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic parameters and intraindividual fluctuations of ochratoxin A plasma levels in humans

Studer-Rohr

Schlatter

Dietrich

2000

Archives of Toxicology

220

139

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The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) is a rodent carcinogen produced by species of the ubiquitous fungal genera Aspergillus and Penicillium. OTA is found in a variety of food items and as a consequence is also found in human plasma (average concentrations found in this study: 0.1±1 ng OTA/ml plasma). To improve the scienti®c basis for cancer risk assessment the toxicokinetic pro®le of OTA was studied in one human volunteer following ingestion of 395 ng 3 H-labeled OTA (3.8 lCi). A two-compartment open model consisting of a central compartment was found to best describe the in vivo data. This two-compartment model consisted of a fast elimination and distribution phase (T 1/2 about 20 h) followed by a slow elimination phase (renal clearance about 0.11 ml/min.) and a calculated plasma half-life of 35.55 days. This half-life was approximately eight times longer than that determined previously in rats. In addition, the intraindividual¯uctuation of OTA plasma levels was investigated in eight individuals over a period of 2 months. The concentrations determined ranged between 0.2 and 0.9 ng OTA/ml plasma. The plasma levels in some individuals remained nearly constant over time, while others varied considerably (e.g. increase of 0.4 ng/ml within 3 days, decrease of 0.3 ng/ml within 5 days) during the observation period. This intraindividual¯uctuation in OTA plasma levels, which may represent di erences in OTA exposure and/or metabolism, as well as the large di erence in plasma half-life in humans compared to rats must be taken into consideration when the results of rat cancer study data are extrapolated to humans for risk assessment purposes.

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“…The analyses were carried out according to the method of Zimmerli and Dick (1995). Up to 2 ml of human plasma was mixed with 10 ml 2 M NaCl solution containing 34 ml 85% H 3 PO 4 /l.…”

Section: Chemical Analysis Of Plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic parameters and intraindividual fluctuations of ochratoxin A plasma levels in humans

Studer-Rohr

Schlatter

Dietrich

2000

Archives of Toxicology

220

139

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“…Several species of these genera are able to produce mycotoxins, which are of concern to public health. Among them, ochratoxin A is nefrotoxic and carcinogenic to some animals (20,25) and has been detected in different types of foods such as cocoa and cocoa products (14), coffee (11,22,23), dried fruits (12,13), cereals (9), wines (15,26,27), beer (5) and others (2). Ochratoxin A (OA) is believed to be produced in nature by three main species of fungi, Aspergillus ochraceus, A. carbonarius and Penicillium *Corresponding Author.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Aspergillus ochraceus, A. carbonarius and A. niger on culture media at different water activities and temperatures

Palacios-Cabrera¹,

Taniwaki²,

Hashimoto³

et al. 2005

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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The objective of this paper was to determine the influence of three culture media with different water activities, times of incubation and temperatures on the growth of A. ochraceus, A. carbonarius and A. niger. Spores of A. ochraceus, A. carbonarius and A. niger were inoculated onto three culture media: Czapeck Yeast extract Agar (CYA), Dichloran 18% Glycerol Agar (DG18) and Malt Yeast extract 40% Glucose Agar (MY40G). The plates were incubated at five different temperatures (8, 25, 30, 35 and 41ºC). The growth of fungi was evaluated every 24h, measuring the colony diameter (mm). None of the species grew at 8°C in any culture media. For A. carbonarius, 30ºC was the best temperature for growth while for A. niger temperatures above 30ºC were better in all culture media. A. ochraceus presented good growth at 25 and 30ºC in all culture media, while at 35ºC, growth was slower, especially on CYA. At 41ºC, A. ochraceus did not grow in any culture media and A. carbonarius was significantly inhibited. A. niger grew at 41ºC and was shown to be the most xerophilic fungi when compared to A. carbonarius and A. ochraceus.

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“…HPLC with fl uorescence detection has increasingly been employed to detect OTA, AFs, or FBs due to very low limits of detection (9)(10)(11). TLC is still very popular in screening, despite its lower performance and relatively high limits of detection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-occurrence of Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin A, Fumonisins, and Zearalenone in Cereals and Feed, Determined by Competitive Direct Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Thin-Layer Chromatography

Klarić

Cvetnić

Pepeljnjak

et al. 2009

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium species frequently contaminate crops. For this reason mycotoxins such as afl atoxins (AFs), ochratoxin A (OTA), fumonisins (FBs), and zearalenone (ZEA) are found in food and feed in a wide range of concentrations, depending on environmental and storage conditions. Consumption of mycotoxin-contaminated food and feed has been associated with acute and chronic poisoning and carcinoma. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and co-occurrence of AFs (B 1 +B 2 +G 1 +G 2 ), OTA, FBs (B 1 +B 2 +B 3 ), and ZEA in 37 samples of cereals and feed randomly collected in 2007 from households of an endemic nephropathy (EN) area in Croatia. The mycotoxins were determined using the competitive direct ELISA test (CD-ELISA) in combination with thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The most frequent mycotoxin was ZEA (92 %, mean 318.3 µg kg -1 ), followed by FBs (27 %, 3690 µg kg -1 ), AFs (24.3 %, 4.6 µg kg -1 ), and OTA (16.2 %, 9.8 µg kg -1 ). Levels of AFs, ZEA, and FBs detected by CD-ELISA signifi cantly correlated with the TLC results. However, only one OTA-positive sample was confi rmed by TLC due to its high limit of detection. The levels of these mycotoxins were below the permissible limit for animal feed. Twenty-nine percent of cereals were contaminated with FBs, OTA, or ZEA in mass fractions above the permissible limit for humans. Co-occurrence of two toxins varied between 4.2 % and 54 % and of three between 4.2 % and 7.6 %. Prolonged co-exposure to AFs, OTA, FBs, and ZEA might increase the risk of various chronic diseases.

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Determination of ochratoxin A at the ppt level in human blood, serum, milk and some foodstuffs by high-performance liquid chromatography with enhanced fluorescence detection and immunoaffinity column cleanup: methodology and Swiss data

Cited by 352 publications

References 22 publications

Kinetic parameters and intraindividual fluctuations of ochratoxin A plasma levels in humans

Kinetic parameters and intraindividual fluctuations of ochratoxin A plasma levels in humans

Growth of Aspergillus ochraceus, A. carbonarius and A. niger on culture media at different water activities and temperatures

Co-occurrence of Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin A, Fumonisins, and Zearalenone in Cereals and Feed, Determined by Competitive Direct Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Thin-Layer Chromatography

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