Determination of nitrate in mineral water and sausage samples by using a renewable in situ copper modified electrode

Paixão, Thiago R.L.C.; Cardoso, Juliana Lopes; Bertotti, Mauro

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2006.03.040

Cited by 81 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…But at the BiB/Cu electrode, an obvious reduction peak at À0.4 V can be observed. These phenomena were coincidence with the reported literature [13,29]. Additionally, the electrochemical behaviour of NO À 3 at the unpretreated Cu bulk electrode was also shown (the inset in Figure 3).…”

Section: Pan Et Al 938supporting

confidence: 92%

“…The procedure for preparation of BiB/Cu electrode is based on several pieces of research [12,13,19] and optimized as follows: (1) …”

Section: Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparatively, voltammetric/amperometric techniques depend on the electrochemical reduction of NO À 3 at electrode surfaces. Various substrate materials such as copper [9][10][11][12][13][14], nickel [15], copper-nickel alloys [16], copper-palladium alloys [17], platinum [18,19], lead [20], silver [21], rhodium [22], boron-doped diamond [23][24][25], gold [26,27] and integrated electronic tongue [28] have been used. But, owing to slow kinetics of charge transfer, direct reduction of NO À 3 on bare unmodified electrodes is usually difficult.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But, owing to slow kinetics of charge transfer, direct reduction of NO À 3 on bare unmodified electrodes is usually difficult. The surface cumulative passivation effects of bare electrodes will also lead to low sensitivity and irreproducibility [13]. Additionally, oxygen reduction occurs at a more positive potential than nitrate reduction, the large current from the oxygen reduction interferes with the nitrate measurement.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Voltammetric determination of nitrate in water samples at copper modified bismuth bulk electrode

Pan

Lü

Zhang

et al. 2013

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry

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Section: Pan Et Al 938supporting

confidence: 92%

“…The procedure for preparation of BiB/Cu electrode is based on several pieces of research [12,13,19] and optimized as follows: (1) …”

Section: Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Voltammetric determination of nitrate in water samples at copper modified bismuth bulk electrode

Pan

Lü

Zhang

et al. 2013

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry

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“…Our group reported a new procedure for the activation of copper surfaces using a potential protocol based on copper oxidation and subsequent reduction of generated copper ions. 9,10 Taking into account these findings and as an attempt to understand which surface parameters control the electrochemical activity, the present study aims to evaluate whether there is a quantitative correlation between the surface area of copper electrodes and their electrochemical properties. Accordingly, copper electrodes were activated for different periods of time to produce layers which were analyzed by SEM and AFM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology, microstructure and electrocatalytic properties of activated copper surfaces

Gamboa

Petri

Benedetti

et al. 2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Alterações morfológicas em superfícies de cobre resultantes da aplicação de um protocolo definido de potencial foram examinadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia de força atômica (AFM). Os resultados mostraram uma boa correlação entre o tempo empregado na ativação do eletrodo, microestrutura resultante e a atividade eletroquímica.Morphologic changes on copper surfaces upon applying an established potential protocol were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed a good correlation between the time employed in the electrode activation and the resulting microstructure and electrochemical activity.Keywords: nitrite, copper electrode, activation process, SEM, AFM IntroductionThe deliberate manipulation of electrodic surfaces consists of an area of continuing interest, because this approach leads to an improvement in the ability to recognize molecules and carry out electron transfer processes at higher rates. Hence, one of the dominant subjects in electrochemistry is the attempt to control the chemical composition and morphological structure of the electrode surface to gain advantages in electroanalytical determinations. It is well known that the electroactivity of copper surfaces depends strongly on their morphology, surface area and structure, which would in turn depend on the method employed to prepare the electrode prior to electrochemical measurements. Hence, several studies have been reported in the literature on the use of copper surfaces aiming for the quantification of different species such as glucose, 1 carbohydrates, 2 ethanol, 3 nitrate, 4, 5 nitrite, 5 and sufite. 6 The electrochemical determination of nitrate after deposition of copper from solutions containing Cu(II) has been reported by some authors, 7,8 who examined qualitatively the morphology of the copper deposit by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The increased sensitivity for nitrate after the surface modification by deposition of the fresh copper layer was attributed to morphologic changes assessed through quantitative parameters such as roughness and porosity of the film. Our group reported a new procedure for the activation of copper surfaces using a potential protocol based on copper oxidation and subsequent reduction of generated copper ions. 9,10 Taking into account these findings and as an attempt to understand which surface parameters control the electrochemical activity, the present study aims to evaluate whether there is a quantitative correlation between the surface area of copper electrodes and their electrochemical properties. Accordingly, copper electrodes were activated for different periods of time to produce layers which were analyzed by SEM and AFM. Then, the electrochemical activity of each generated surface was evaluated towards the cathodic reduction of nitrite. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that such a quantitative approach is applied for copper electrodes. Experimental Chemicals a...

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Flow Injection Analysis of Maleic Hydrazide Using an Electrochemical Sensor Based on Palladium‐Dispersed Carbon Paste Electrode

et al. 2007

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A new analytical methodology for the electrochemical detection of the herbicide maleic hydrazide (3,6-dihydroxypyridazine) by flow injection analysis is presented. This method is supported by the novel application of a palladium-dispersed carbon paste electrode as an amperometric sensor for this herbicide. Maleic hydrazide shows anodic electrochemical activity on carbon-based electrodes (glassy carbon or carbon paste electrodes) in all the pH range. This electrochemical activity is enhanced using metal-dispersed carbon paste electrodes, especially at Pddispersed CPE which displays good oxidation signals at 690 mV (0.050 M phosphate buffer pH 7.0), 140 mV lower than at unmodified electrodes. Under the optimized conditions, the electroanalytical performance of Pd-dispersed CPE in flow injection analysis was excellent, with good reproducibility (RSD 3.3%) and a wide linear range (1.9 Â 10 À7 to 1.0 Â 10 À4 mol L À1 ). A detection limit of 1.4 Â 10 À8 mol L À1 (0.14 ng maleic hydrazide) was obtained for a sample loop of 100 mL at a fixed potential of 700 mV in 0.050 M phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.0 and a flow rate of 2.0 mL min À1. The proposed method was applied for the maleic hydrazide detection in natural drinking water samples.

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Determination of nitrate in mineral water and sausage samples by using a renewable in situ copper modified electrode

Cited by 81 publications

References 43 publications

Voltammetric determination of nitrate in water samples at copper modified bismuth bulk electrode

Voltammetric determination of nitrate in water samples at copper modified bismuth bulk electrode

Morphology, microstructure and electrocatalytic properties of activated copper surfaces

Flow Injection Analysis of Maleic Hydrazide Using an Electrochemical Sensor Based on Palladium‐Dispersed Carbon Paste Electrode

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