Determination of Multi-residue Insecticides of Organochlorine, Organophosphorus, and Pyrethroids in Wheat

Abstract

The undesirable effects of green revolution include residues of extensively used pesticides in various food commodities. Several studies showed that pesticides could cause health problems. Keeping in view the problem of pesticide residues in various food commodities, the present study was conducted on domestic stored wheat as well as on imported wheat for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of organochlorine, organophosphorus and pyrethroids. Among the imported wheat, 22.5% samples were found contaminated by organophosphorus (chlorpyrifos 0.073-0.230 μg/g, malathion 0.0419-0.1003 μg/g) and pyrethroids (cypermethrin 0.1404-0.2005 μg/g, permethrin 0.0140-0.0480 μg/g) while in domestic wheat 6.7% samples were found contaminated by pyrethroids (deltamethrin 0.0650-1.2903 μg/g) only. Method used for extraction and analysis of insecticides was validated both by recovery studies and inter laboratory comparison proficiency test. The method recovery results show that the average recovery of the fortified wheat samples was in the range of 73.77%-100.17% with the RSD in the range of 2.21-9.27 whereas, the Z-scores of the inter laboratory comparison proficiency test's result was less than 2.

Monitoring and health risk assessment of selected trace metals in wheat rice and soil samples

“…Wheat and rice are amongst the most important cereal crop grown and consumed around the world. Among the wheat producing countries of the world, Pakistan is ranked 8 th in terms of area under wheat cultivation, production and yield per hectare (Riazuddin et al, 2011). With an area of 8,972 thousand hectares and a total production of 25.492 million tonnes during 2017-18, it contributed to 1.7% of GDP and 9.1% to the total value added in agriculture.…”

“…Therefore, this food group is important in agriculture and contamination of this commodity with unwanted chemicals is viewed with concern. The increasing concern regarding food safety stimulated research regarding contamination of food stuffs with different toxins such as pesticides and trace metals (Riazuddin et al, 2011). Contamination of different food stuffs like meat, milk, vegetables, sea weeds etc.…”

Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Wheat by Ionic Liquid-Based Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Combined with HPLC

“…The traditional methods of extraction of pesticides in wheat are mainly liquid-phase extraction (LLE) [ 7 ], liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) [ 8 ], supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) [ 9 ], and so on. In recent years, a rapid, simple, and convenient dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) [ 10 ] method has been proposed and then is rapidly applied to various drug extraction studies, especially in the field of pesticide extraction.…”