Determination of Monochloroacetic Acid and Dichloroacetic Acid for Quality Control of Acetic Acid Chlorination Industry by Ion Chromatography

Qu, Feng; Mou, Shaoshuai

doi:10.1006/mchj.1999.1759

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Development of reliable analytical methods for DCA has been a difficult task. Several methods are available for the analysis of DCA and other HAAs in water 10–35. Fewer methods are available for DCA in biological samples 8, 36–45.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of dichloroacetic acid in rat blood and tissues by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Delinsky

Muralidhara

et al. 2005

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Dichloroacetic acid (DCA) is a compound found in chlorinated drinking water. In addition, the compound is a metabolite of several halogenated solvents, including trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE). Exposure to DCA is of concern because high doses of the compound have been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals. Dosages of TCE administered to animals in cancer studies are designed to elicit maximal DCA formation in vivo, whereas levels of DCA to which individuals are exposed in drinking water are very low. Analysis of DCA in biological samples has been quite challenging. Derivatizing reagents commonly used to convert DCA into a more volatile form for analysis by gas chromatography (GC) have been found to convert trichloroacetic acid (TCA), a major metabolite of TCE and PCE, into DCA. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis does not require derivatization of DCA and can thus avoid this problem. However, the most popular stationary phases in HPLC columns do not retain small, polar compounds such as DCA well. The liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method described in this paper uses hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), a type of chromatography that is able to retain these small, polar compounds. Method validation was performed using the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and International Conference on Harmonziation (ICH) Guidance for Industry: Bioanalytical Method Validation as a guide. Levels of DCA found in rats dosed with 2 g/kg TCE were 17.2 ng/mL (liver), 262.4 ng/mL (kidney), 175.1 ng/mL (lung), and 39.5 ng/mL (blood).

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of dichloroacetic acid in rat blood and tissues by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Delinsky

Muralidhara

et al. 2005

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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“…DCA and TCA have pK a s of approximately 1.5 and 0.5, respectively (Urbansky, 2000;Jia et al, 2003;Sarzanini et al, 1999;Qu and Mou, 1999). As a result, the two haloacetic acids are found predominantly in their anionic form in solution.…”

Section: Gas Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recoveries for DCA and TCA were, respectively, 83.7 ± 13 and 81.8 ± 11%. Qu and Mou (1999) determined levels of MCA, DCA and acetic acid in various steps in the production of MCA with an IC method coupled with a conductivity detector. Anion exchange was the retention mechanism used with an eluent of 2.5 mM NaOH and 10% MeOH.…”

Section: Ion Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, many studies using an HPLC fitted with a conductivity detector can be found in the literature, because HPLC is a good separation technique for water-soluble analytes (including ions). Two ion chromatography methods for the analysis of HAAs in water (Qu and Mou, 1999;Ko et al, 2000) and one HPLC method using a conductivity detector for the analysis of DCA in plasma and urine (Narayanan et al, 1999) are discussed in this review.…”

Section: Conductivity Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of analytical methods for the determination of trichloroethylene and its major metabolites chloral hydrate, trichloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid

Delinsky

Bruckner

Bartlett

2005

Biomedical Chromatography

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Trichloroethylene (TCE) and some of its metabolites are potentially carcinogenic compounds that the general population is commonly exposed to in drinking water. Concentrations of TCE, dichloroacetic acid (DCA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) given to laboratory animals in cancer bioassays are high, whereas drinking water levels of the compounds are very low. It is not clear whether the trace amounts of TCE, DCA and TCA in drinking water pose a cancer risk to humans. The accuracy of pharmacokinetic studies relies on the analytical method from which blood and tissue concentration data are obtained. Models that extrapolate cancer risks of TCE and its metabolites from laboratory animals to humans, in turn, rely on the results of pharmacokinetic studies. Therefore, it is essential to have reliable analytical methods for the analysis of TCE and its metabolites. This paper reviews the methods currently in the literature for the analysis of TCE, DCA, TCA and, to a lesser extent, chloral hydrate (CH). Additional aspects of analytical methods such as method validation, species preservation and future directions in the analysis of TCE and its metabolites are also discussed.

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“…Methanol 8,25,27 was added to the eluent to improve the peak resolution of ions in IC. On adding methanol to the eluent, the t R values of the anions remained almost unchanged and that of the monovalent cations increased gradually.…”

Section: Effect Of Citric Acid Concentration Methanol Concentration A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous amperometric detection of electroinactive anions and cations in ion chromatography

Wang

et al. 2000

Analyst

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An amperometric detector with two working electrodes modified with polydiphenylamine (PDPA) and polydiphenylamine dodecyl sulfate (PDPA-DS) was successfully used for the simultaneous determination of electroinactive anions (SO 4 22 , Cl 2 , NO 3 2 ) and cations (Na + , NH 4 + and K + ) in single-column ion-exclusion chromatography-cation-exchange chromatography (IEC-CEC). The PDPA-DS chemically modified electrode (CME) was based on the incorporation of dodecyl sulfate (DS) into PDPA by electropolymerization of diphenylamine (DPA) in the presence of surfactant. The electrochemical responses against the anions and cations in differential pulse voltammetry were studied. A set of well-defined peaks of electroinactive anions and cations were obtained. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of chromatographic peak height (nA) for anions were all < 4.4% and those for cations were all < 4.1%. The anions and cations were detected conveniently and reproducibly in the linear concentration range 6.0 310 26 -5.0 3 10 23 mol L 21 and their correlation coefficients were all > 0.990. Their detection limits were investigated using 3s (where s represents the standard deviation of a blank solution, n = 11).

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Determination of Monochloroacetic Acid and Dichloroacetic Acid for Quality Control of Acetic Acid Chlorination Industry by Ion Chromatography

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Analysis of dichloroacetic acid in rat blood and tissues by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Analysis of dichloroacetic acid in rat blood and tissues by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

A review of analytical methods for the determination of trichloroethylene and its major metabolites chloral hydrate, trichloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid

Simultaneous amperometric detection of electroinactive anions and cations in ion chromatography

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