A review of analytical methods for the determination of trichloroethylene and its major metabolites chloral hydrate, trichloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid

Delinsky, Amy D.; Bruckner, James V.; Bartlett, Michael G.

doi:10.1002/bmc.488

Cited by 38 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(159 reference statements)

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“…This method was developed as an adaptation of existing methods to provide the additional analytical sensitivity required for this study. Delinsky et al (2005) have reviewed the available methods.…”

Section: Laboratory Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of urinary trichloroacetic acid as a biomarker of exposure to drinking water disinfection by-products

Zhang

Gabos

Schopflocher

et al. 2009

Journal of Water and Health

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Disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water represent a public health issue and a challenge for epidemiology to provide evidence towards the causation of various hypothesized health effects. Validation of a biomarker of exposure to DBPs is a strategy to achieve progress which has been advocated. The objective of this study was to validate urinary trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) excretion as a biomarker of exposure to DBPs in an experimental exposure cohort. A total of 52 healthy women participated in the study. Participants consumed supplied tap water for 15 d and provided urine and blood samples for TCAA measurements. The findings revealed that (1) background levels of TCAA in urine and blood were readily detectable, (2) TCAA levels in blood and urine increased with increased amounts of TCAA ingested, (3) the correlations between measurements of TCAA ingestion and urinary excretion were modest (r=0.66, p<0.001) based on one days' sampling and high (r=0.77-0.83, p<0.001) based on two to four days' sampling, (4) the correlations between measurements of TCAA ingestion and blood TCAA concentration were high (r=0.80, p<0.001) and (5) multiple days' urinary TCAA measures improved the prediction of TCAA ingestion through urinary TCAA excretion. TCAA can be a valid biomarker of exposure for DBPs in drinking water.

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Section: Laboratory Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of urinary trichloroacetic acid as a biomarker of exposure to drinking water disinfection by-products

Zhang

Gabos

Schopflocher

et al. 2009

Journal of Water and Health

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“…Chloral hydrate is an ingredient used in Hoyer's solution [213][214][215][216] . In mouse studies, oral administration of chloral in water induced liver nodules as well as hyperplastic nodules and HCC after 92 wk.…”

Section: Chloral and Chloral Hydratementioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatocellular carcinoma and the risk of occupational exposure

Rapisarda

Loreto

Malaguarnera

et al. 2016

WJH

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. The main risk factors for HCC are alcoholism, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cirrhosis, aflatoxin, hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease and hemophilia. Occupational exposure to chemicals is another risk factor for HCC. Often the relationship between occupational risk and HCC is unclear and the reports are fragmented and inconsistent. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the association of infective and non-infective occupational risk exposure and HCC in order to encourage further research and draw attention to this global occupational public health problem. Core tip: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common human cancer. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the occupational risk factors of HCC. In particular, we underline not only the infective but also non-infective occupational risk exposure, including chemical agents and toxic metabolites which are a major cause of liver damage.

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“…Immediately afterwards, these HS vials were placed into a gravity oven (40.0-260.0°C; Lindberg/Blue M, Inc., Asheville, NC, USA) for 1 h (timed using traceable timer) at 105.0°C (monitored with a traceable dual channel thermometer) to facilitate release of EtO from the polymer/drug-coated matrix of the cardiovascular stents and into the HS, followed quickly by extraction/analysis, adhering to the procedure described previously. The absolute recovery was simply determined from the GC peak areas ratio of the mean of three replicate extractions of EtOspiked cardiovascular stents to that of corresponding reference EtO standards of the same known mass, expressed as a percentage with corresponding CV (Delinsky et al, 2005). Recovery experiments also serve to provide fundamental insight into the kinetics of analyte transfer from the matrix to the SPME fiber coating at set conditions, confirming analyte extraction capability by the chosen mode (Pawliszyn, 1997).…”

Section: Hs-spme-gc Methods Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of a novel headspace–solid‐phase microextraction–gas chromatographic method by means of a Doehlert uniform shell design for the analysis of trace level ethylene oxide residuals in sterilized medical devices

DiCicco

Láng

Harper

2009

Biomedical Chromatography

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Medical devices sterilized by ethylene oxide (EtO) retain trace quantities of EtO residuals, which may irritate patients' tissue. Reliably quantifying trace level EtO residuals in small medical devices requires an extremely sensitive analytical method. In this research, a Doehlert uniform shell design was utilized in obtaining a response surface to optimize a novel headspace-solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatographic (HS-SPME-GC) method developed for analyzing trace levels of EtO residuals in sterilized medical devices, by evaluating sterilized, polymer-coated, drug-eluting cardiovascular stents. The effects of four independent experimental variables (HS-SPME desorption time, extraction temperature, GC inlet temperature and extraction time) on GC peak area response of EtO were investigated simultaneously and the most influential experimental variables determined were extraction temperature and GC inlet temperature, with the fitted model showing no evidence of lack-of-fit. The optimized HS-SPME-GC method demonstrated overall good linearity/linear range, accuracy, repeatability, reproducibility, absolute recovery and high sensitivity. This novel method was successfully applied to analysis of trace levels of EtO residuals in sterilized/aerated cardiovascular stents of various lengths and internal diameter, where, upon heating, trace EtO residuals fully volatilized into HS for extraction, thereby nullifying matrix effects. As an alternative, this novel HS-SPME-GC method can offer higher sensitivity compared with conventional headspace analyzer-based sampling.

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A review of analytical methods for the determination of trichloroethylene and its major metabolites chloral hydrate, trichloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid

Cited by 38 publications

References 72 publications

Validation of urinary trichloroacetic acid as a biomarker of exposure to drinking water disinfection by-products

Validation of urinary trichloroacetic acid as a biomarker of exposure to drinking water disinfection by-products

Hepatocellular carcinoma and the risk of occupational exposure

Optimization of a novel headspace–solid‐phase microextraction–gas chromatographic method by means of a Doehlert uniform shell design for the analysis of trace level ethylene oxide residuals in sterilized medical devices

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