Determination of Micropollutants in Water Samples from Swimming Pool Systems

Lempart, Anna; Kudlek, Edyta; Dudziak, Mariusz

doi:10.3390/w10081083

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These issues also apply to the swimming pool water treatment systems. Closed circuits, in which specific contaminants are removed (disinfection by-products, micropollutants including the group of pharmaceuticals and personal care products [14][15][16][17][18]) require the use of highly effective filter beds. There is also a growing number of filtration methods, washing and management of washings streams from swimming pools [19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the Filtration Bed type in the Pool Water Treatment System on Washings Quality

Wyczarska-Kokot

Lempart

2019

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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This paper presents the influence of the type of filtration beds, used in swimming pool water treatment systems, on the quality and the possibility of reuse of washings. The research covered 4 pool cycles with sand, sand and anthracite, glass and diatomaceous beds. The degree of contamination of washings was assessed on the basis of physical, chemical and bacteriological tests. The possibility of washings drainage into the natural environment was considered, and the results of the research were compared with the permissible values of pollution indicators for wastewater discharged to water or ground. A direct management of washings from the analysed filters proved impossible mainly due to the high content of TSS (total suspended solids) and free chlorine. Washings were subjected to sedimentation and then the supernatant was stirred intensively. As a result of these processes, the quality of washings was significantly improved. This allowed planning to supplement the pool water installations with systems for washings management.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the Filtration Bed type in the Pool Water Treatment System on Washings Quality

Wyczarska-Kokot

Lempart

2019

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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“…Organic solvents (methanol and acetonitrile) with analytical purity from Avantor (Gliwice, Poland) and columns for SPE, ENVI-18 by Sigma Aldrich (Poznań, Poland) were used. Details of the applied analytical method and its validation are presented in paper [13].…”

Section: Methodology For the Determination Of Organic Micropollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of different methods supporting swimming pool water disinfection in the aspect of removing organic micropollutants

2019

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As a result of the intensive development of analytical techniques that allow to reduce the detection limits of tested compounds, the latest scientific research alerts the growing number of organic micro-pollutants identified in the swimming pool water environment. These compounds can both react with the disinfectant, causing the formation of highly toxic disinfection by-products or constitute a serious health risk to swimmers due to their biological activity. The aim of the research presented in this paper is to evaluate the modern methods supporting disinfection used in swimming pool systems, in the aspect of removing compounds from the group of organic microorganisms. The total content of organic matter in systems using UV radiation and ozonation was compared. The identification of organic micropollutants was also carried out. The presence of two phthalates in the tested pools has been documented. It has been shown that their concentration depends on the disinfection method used. Photocatalytic degradation of phthalates in the pool water system allowed to obtain over 35% removal rate, while the efficiency of ozonation in the most favourable case was just over 16%.

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“…Water samples for analysis were collected early in the morning before the swimming pools' opening time in order to avoid swimmers' impact on the obtained results. In each of the basins, based on the results of model tests on hydraulic systems in swimming pools and the author's results of previous research in this area, points located near the walls, in corners, on shallower and deeper side and in the central part of the pool were selected as characteristic ( Figure 2) [26][27][28]. Samples from each pool had been taken for five days over a one-week period.…”

Section: Water Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Free and Combined Chlorine Concentrations in Swimming Pool Water and an Attempt to Determine a Reliable Water Sampling Point

Wyczarska-Kokot

Lempart

Dudziak

2020

Water

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The analysis of free chlorine concentrations in swimming pool water makes it possible to assess the antiseptic effect of the disinfectant. The concentration of combined chlorine determines the comfort of swimming and indicates if there is a threat from DBP (disinfection by-products). The distribution of free and combined chlorine concentration was analyzed in four basins differing in seasonality of use and in the applied water flow systems. After considering the distribution of free and combined chlorine content in characteristic points of pools, an attempt was made to determine the most reliable point for assessing the quality of water and its suitability for swimming. Such searches should aim to identify the places with the worst water quality. The most uniform distribution of the concentrations of both free and combined chlorine was observed at the middle point of swimming pools, while at points near the corners and walls of swimming pools a varied distribution was observed. Such a control strategy, based on the least favorable test results at a point considered as characteristic, would make it possible to verify the parameters of the swimming pool water treatment system and thus minimize the risk to swimmers’ health.

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Determination of Micropollutants in Water Samples from Swimming Pool Systems

Cited by 28 publications

References 28 publications

The Influence of the Filtration Bed type in the Pool Water Treatment System on Washings Quality

The Influence of the Filtration Bed type in the Pool Water Treatment System on Washings Quality

Evaluation of different methods supporting swimming pool water disinfection in the aspect of removing organic micropollutants

Analysis of Free and Combined Chlorine Concentrations in Swimming Pool Water and an Attempt to Determine a Reliable Water Sampling Point

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