Determination of microbial biomass and fungal and bacterial distribution in cattle faeces

Jost, Daphne Isabel; Indorf, Caroline; Joergensen, Rainer Georg; Sundrum, Albert

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.02.013

Cited by 33 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Measured pH‐values in fresh cattle and sheep dung are 7.3–8.3 (mean: 7.6) (Kirchmann & Witter, ; Barth et al , ; Jost et al , ; Peter Holter, unpublished). After approximately a week (in a cool, temperate climate), the pH in cattle dung pats rose to a maximum of 8.6–8.8 (Barth et al , ), probably as a result of anaerobic ammonia formation in the wet (initially 89% water) dung.…”

Section: The Composition Of Fresh Dungmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although only a few measured C/N values (mean: 21) for domestic sheep, cattle, and water buffalo are available (Table ), many more can be estimated from the TFN concentrations, assuming that the OM consists of 50% carbon. Using this rule of thumb from soil biology, I recalculated four of the six measured C/N‐values [Kirchmann & Witter, (cattle); Jost et al , , (cattle); Al‐Asfoor et al , (water buffalo); OM was not measured in the remaining two cases], which yielded a mean of 21.6. As this is rather close to the measured mean (23.0), the method seems to work tolerably well.…”

Section: The Composition Of Fresh Dungmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, sloughed gut cells and mucus make an unknown but probably small contribution to the MFN. Although faecal microbial biomass is usually considered to be almost purely bacterial, at least 50% of the microbial carbon (and hence biomass) in cattle dung may be fungal according to Jost et al (, ) if the diet is fibre‐rich and nitrogen‐poor (see also Gordon & Phillips, ). On average, the MFN makes up approximately 75% of the TFN in both ruminants and non‐ruminants (Table ).…”

Section: The Composition Of Fresh Dungmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Herbivore dung as food for dung beetles: elementary coprology for entomologists

Holter

2016

Ecological Entomology

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Abstract. 1. How do dung beetles and their larvae manage to subsist on herbivore dung consisting of plant remains that are at least partly indigestible, mixed with various metabolic waste products? To clarify what is known and not known about this basic aspect of dung beetle biology, the present review summarises information on dung composition and discusses the feeding of beetles (food: fresh dung) and larvae (food: older dung) in relation to this information.2. There is 70-85% water in typical fresh dung, and undigested lignocellulose or 'fibre' constitutes about 70% of the organic matter which also contains 1.5-3% N. About 75% of this is 'metabolic faecal nitrogen', mostly associated with dead and alive microbial biomass. As all essential amino acids and cholesterol are probably present, additional synthesis by microbial symbionts may not be needed by the beetles.3. Beetles minimise the intake of lignocellulose by filtering fibre particles out of their food which is probably microbial biomass/debris with much smaller particle size. Excess fluid may be squeezed out of this material by the mandibles before ingestion.4. All larvae are bulk feeders and unable to filtrate, but little is known about the composition of their food, i.e. older dung in pats or underground brood masses. Larvae in dung pats may depend on easily digestible dung components, probably microbial biomass, whereas the nutritional ecology of larvae in brood masses is still not understood. Unravelling the composition of their food might answer some of the so far unanswered questions.

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Section: The Composition Of Fresh Dungmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Composition Of Fresh Dungmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Composition Of Fresh Dungmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Herbivore dung as food for dung beetles: elementary coprology for entomologists

Holter

2016

Ecological Entomology

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“…The microbial biomass C was determined in both acidified and non-acidified pig and dairy slurries by the chloroform fumigation extraction (CFE) method (Jost et al, 2011). Slurry samples of 5 g were fumigated with ethanol-free chloroform.…”

Section: Slurry Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After 24 h, the fumigated and non-fumigated samples were extracted for 30 min, by shaking with 20 mL of 0.05 M CuSO 4 ; after a 10-min centrifugation, the supernatants were analyzed by segmented flow colorimetry (Autoanalyzer Skalar, Breda, The Netherlands). The microbial biomass C was calculated as described by Jost et al (2011), as follows:…”

Section: Slurry Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternatives to sulfuric acid for slurry acidification: impact on slurry composition and ammonia emissions during storage

Regueiro

Coutinho

Fangueiro

2016

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Quantitative microbial indices in biogas and raw cattle slurries

Wentzel

Joergensen

2015

Engineering in Life Sciences

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Biogas slurry, the secondary product of the anaerobic digestion process, is increasingly being used as fertilizer. Information is available on its chemical and physical properties and their effects on plant growth. However, there is a demand to characterize the microbial quality of slurries, which may control further mineralization processes after application to soil. In this study, biogas and raw slurries obtained from six farms were analyzed for their ergosterol and amino sugar concentrations as indices for microbial biomass. A reliable, precise method for determining ergosterol in slurries is presented. Biogas slurries contained significantly less ergosterol (−34%), muramic acid (MurN; −42%), galactosamine (GalN; −32%), and fungal glucosamine (GlcN; −40%) than raw slurries. The mean fungal GlcN to ergosterol ratio (50) and also the mean fungal carbon (C) to bacterial C ratio (0.29) did not significantly differ between the slurry types. The mean microbial C concentration in the biogas slurries was significantly lower than in the raw slurries. Consequently, the contribution of microbial C to slurry organic C was 3.6% in the biogas slurries and 5.7% in the raw slurries. Microbial C revealed significant nonlinear relationships with the fiber and ash concentration, pH, as well as the C/N ratio of the slurries.

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Determination of microbial biomass and fungal and bacterial distribution in cattle faeces

Cited by 33 publications

References 67 publications

Herbivore dung as food for dung beetles: elementary coprology for entomologists

Herbivore dung as food for dung beetles: elementary coprology for entomologists

Alternatives to sulfuric acid for slurry acidification: impact on slurry composition and ammonia emissions during storage

Quantitative microbial indices in biogas and raw cattle slurries

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