Determination of methylguanidine in serum and urine from normal and uremic subjects

Tissue and Blood Cell Concentration of Methylguanidine in Rats and Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

“…Many toxic effects of methylguanidine have been reported [3][4][5], for example, inhibitory effect on oxidative phosphorylation [6], on the growth of cultured cell [7] and acceleration of hemolysis [8], Giovannetti et al [9] reported that anemia, gastroin testinal ulcer and disturbances of the peripheral and cen tral nervous systems which characterize the uremic syn drome were produced by chronic administration of methyl guanidine to dogs. However, one question with respect to the uremic toxicity of methylguanidine was raised because improvement in the method of quantitative determination of methylguanidine could make it clear that the serum methylguanidine concentration of patients with chronic renal failure was lower in comparison to those obtained by the methods developed earlier [10][11][12], The newer results contradict the long-standing suggestion that methylguani dine has a toxic effect in the uremic state. On the other hand, Giovannetti et al [13] reported significantly higher methylguanidine tissue concentration in the muscle, the liver and the sciatic nerve of the anuric dog with acute renal failure produced by the ligation of ureters, and also sug gested the same conclusion from hemodialyzed patients [ 14].…”

“…By this method, serum methyl guanidine concentrations in patients with chronic renal failure ranged between the values obtained by Menichini el al. [11] and by Baker and Marshall [12], Recently, a new quantitative determination of methylguanidine using phenanthrenquinone fluorescence was devised [17]. However, clinical evaluation has not yet been completed.…”

“…[10], Menichini el al. [11] and Baker and Marshall [12] devised advanced quantitative determination methods using cation exchange resin and the Sakaguchi reaction. Application of these methods to the serum of patients with chronic renal failure revealed a highest serum methylguanidine concentration of 0.4 mg/dl (BUN = 357 mg/dl) by Stein el al.…”

Effect of Low Protein Diet and Surplus of Essential Amino Acids on the Serum Concentration and the Urinary Excretion of Methylguanidine and Guanidinosuccinic Acid in Chronic Renal Failure

“…MG [15][16][17][18] and GSA [19][20][21] have been known to be highly concentrated in the serum of uremic patients. Re cently, MG [16,[22][23][24][25][26] and GSA [16.27-31] have been found to have many toxic effects in vitro, especially MG, bringing about the same symptoms as those of uremia in normal dogs subjected to repeated injections up to the serum level of the uremic state [32], These experimental findings suggest that MG and GSA play an important role in the uremic state.…”

Combined Therapy for Selected Chronic Uremic Patients: Infrequent Hemodialysis and Nutritional Management

“…1958]. Serum methylguanidine (sMG) by the method of Menichini et al [1971]: serum total protein, with the binret method and serum albumin with the kit for electrophoresis on PoliphorfElvi Instr. ); serum IgG, serum C> and serum transferrin were measured by the method of Wicher el al.…”