Determination of mercury in gasoline by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry with direct reduction in microemulsion media

Brandão, Geisamanda Pedrini; Campos, Reinaldo Calixto de; Luna, Aderval S.

doi:10.1016/j.sab.2005.02.026

Cited by 50 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The use of more purified reagents should lower the detection limit. As shown in Table 4, the method detection limits obtained by the present procedure are comparable to those for the analysis of petroleum products using contemporary procedures based on direct nebulization after dilution or microwave digestion 11,15,21,35 and vapor generation of the sample after emulsification 35 and/or other detection methods. 9,10,36 …”

Section: Determination Of Hg and Pb In Fuel By Fi-vg-icp-mssupporting

confidence: 61%

Determination of Hg and Pb in Fuels by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Using Flow Injection Chemical Vapor Generation

Chen

Jiang

2009

ANAL. SCI.

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An isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method has been developed for the determination of Hg and Pb in fuels using flow injection vapor generation (VG) as the sample introduction system. A simple and inexpensive in-situ nebulizer/vapor generator was employed in this study. An emulsion containing 10% v/v fuel, 2% m/v Triton X-100 and 1.0% m/v tartaric acid was injected into VG-ICP-MS system for the determination of Hg and Pb. Sodium borohydride was used for vapor generation. Since the sensitivities of Hg and Pb in emulsion and those in aqueous solution are quite different, isotope dilution and standard addition methods were used for the determination of Hg and Pb in selected fuel samples. The influences of vapor generation conditions and emulsion preparation on the ion signals are reported. This method has been applied for the determination of Hg and Pb in various fuel samples such as diesel, gasoline and engine oil obtained locally. The analytical results obtained by isotope dilution and standard addition methods were in good agreement with each other and also with those of digested samples analyzed by pneumatic nebulization ICP-MS. Under the optimum operating conditions, the detection limits obtained were 0.02 and 0.03 ng mL -1 for Hg and Pb, respectively, in prepared emulsified solutions, corresponding to 0.2 and 0.3 ng mL -1 of Hg and Pb, respectively, in the original fuel samples.

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Section: Determination Of Hg and Pb In Fuel By Fi-vg-icp-mssupporting

confidence: 61%

Determination of Hg and Pb in Fuels by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Using Flow Injection Chemical Vapor Generation

Chen

Jiang

2009

ANAL. SCI.

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“…The microemulsions were prepared mixing 80 mL of gasoline with 3 mL of buffer solution and 17 mL of propan-1-ol, which acts as cosolvent, allowing the formation of a homogeneous mixture between the buffer and gasoline. [17][18][19] A microemulsion was immediately obtained after the manual shaking of the closed bottle. For recovery studies, gasoline samples were spiked with the appropriate volumes of inorganic and organic standards.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of copper, iron, lead and zinc in gasoline by sequential multi-element flame atomic absorption spectrometry after solid phase extraction

Santos¹,

Korn²,

Guida³

et al. 2011

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Desenvolveu-se um procedimento para determinação de cobre, ferro, chumbo e zinco em amostras de gasolina. O procedimento foi baseado na pré-concentração dos metais empregando uma resina modificada com o ácido 3,4-dihidroxibenzóico (XAD-DHB), seguida da dessorção com solução ácida. Os analitos no eluato foram determinados por espectrometria de absorção atômica em chama multielementar seqüencial (FS-FAAS). As amostras de gasolina foram preparadas como microemulsões misturando-se 80 mL de amostra com 17 mL de propan-1-ol e 3 mL de solução tampão (pH 10). As variáveis físico-químicas que influenciam no processo de extração foram otimizadas. Os LODs obtidos foram 2,2 mg L -1 para Fe, 3,1 mg L -1 para Cu, 2,3 mg L -1 para Pb, e 2,6 mg L -1 para Zn. Os valores de RSDs das concentrações dos analitos nas amostras enriquecidas com 0,05 e 0,1 mg L -1 de cada metal variaram de 5,8 a 9,7%. As recuperações variaram de 82 a 99%. O método foi aplicado na determinação dos analitos em níveis de μg L -1 em amostras de gasolinas coletadas em postos revendedores de Salvador, BA, Brasil.A procedure was developed for determination of copper, iron, lead and zinc in gasoline. The procedure was based on the preconcentration of metals using a resin modified with 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (XAD-DHB), followed by desorption with an acid eluent. The components in the eluate were then determined by fast sequence flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FS-FAAS). The gasoline samples were prepared as microemulsions by mixing 80 mL of sample with 17 mL of propan-1-ol and 3 mL of a buffer solution (pH 10). The chemical and physical variables influencing the extraction were optimized. The LODs obtained were 2.2 mg L -1Pb and 2.6 mg L -1 Zn. The RSDs ranged from 5.8 to 9.7% in samples spiked with 0.05 and 0.1 mg L -1 of each metal and recoveries varied from 82 to 99%. The procedure was suitable for determination of the analytes at mg L -1 levels in gasoline samples collected from several gas stations in Salvador, State of Bahia, Brazil. Keywords: preconcentration, metal, gasoline, solid phase extraction, FS-FAAS IntroductionGasoline and diesel engines emit a large amount of pollutants and are major sources of urban air pollution. 1Emissions related to automobile fuel combustion contribute significantly to atmospheric pollution, ultimately reducing air quality and negatively affecting human health. The gasoline used as fuel in automobiles may contain metalloids and metallic elements such as Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe, As, Cd, Hg, Se and Tl. These elements are derived from the raw product, but can also be introduced as additives during production or contaminants during storage. 2 The presence of such species in gasoline can cause various problems, such as air pollution, fuel degradation, precipitate Santos et al. 553 Vol. 22, No. 3, 2011 formation, and possible damage of motor parts. In addition, the presence of several metallic species in fuel reduces the efficiency of catalytic reactors in vehicle exhaust systems, thereby increasing the emission of exha...

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“…Undoubtedly, the natural occurrence of Hg in crude oil and its presence in fuels [21,22] contribute significantly to the input of this pollutant to the environment. Some spectrometric techniques, such as cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS) [23], electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) [24], atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) [25], inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [26] and electrothermal vaporization coupled to ICP-MS (ETV-ICP-MS) [27] were already employed for total Hg determination in oil samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a method for total Hg determination in oil samples by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry after its extraction induced by emulsion breaking

Vicentino

Brum

Cassella

2015

Talanta

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This work reports the development of a novel extraction method for total Hg determination in oil samples. After extracting Hg from samples it was quantified in the extracts by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS), employing a laboratory-made gas-liquid separator (GLS) and NaBH4 as reducing agent. The extraction of Hg from samples was carried out by extraction induced by emulsion breaking (EIEB), which is based on the formation and breaking of water-in-oil emulsion between the oil samples and an extractant solution containing an emulsifying agent (surfactant) and nitric acid. Operational parameters of the GLS were evaluated in order to set the best performance of the measurement system. In these studies it was proven that the volume of sample and the concentration of HCl added to the sample extracts had significant influence on Hg response. The best conditions were achieved by adding 0.5 mL of a 0.3 mol L(-1) HCl solution on 1 mL of sample extract. The extraction conditions were also optimized. The highest efficiency was observed when 4 mL of a solution containing 2.5% triton X-100 and 15% v/v HNO3 were employed for the extraction of Hg contained in 20 mL of sample. Emulsion breaking was performed by heating at 80 °C and took approximately 20 min. The limit of quantification of the method was 1.9 µg L(-1) and recovery percentages between 80% and 103% were observed when spiked samples (2 and 10 µg L(-1)) of diesel oil, biodiesel and mineral oil were analyzed.

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Determination of mercury in gasoline by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry with direct reduction in microemulsion media

Cited by 50 publications

References 18 publications

Determination of Hg and Pb in Fuels by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Using Flow Injection Chemical Vapor Generation

Determination of Hg and Pb in Fuels by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Using Flow Injection Chemical Vapor Generation

Determination of copper, iron, lead and zinc in gasoline by sequential multi-element flame atomic absorption spectrometry after solid phase extraction

Development of a method for total Hg determination in oil samples by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry after its extraction induced by emulsion breaking

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