Determination of Hg and Pb in Fuels by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Using Flow Injection Chemical Vapor Generation

Abstract

An isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method has been developed for the determination of Hg and Pb in fuels using flow injection vapor generation (VG) as the sample introduction system. A simple and inexpensive in-situ nebulizer/vapor generator was employed in this study. An emulsion containing 10% v/v fuel, 2% m/v Triton X-100 and 1.0% m/v tartaric acid was injected into VG-ICP-MS system for the determination of Hg and Pb. Sodium borohydride was used for vapor generation. Since the sensitivities of Hg and Pb in emulsion and those in aqueous solution are quite different, isotope dilution and standard addition methods were used for the determination of Hg and Pb in selected fuel samples. The influences of vapor generation conditions and emulsion preparation on the ion signals are reported. This method has been applied for the determination of Hg and Pb in various fuel samples such as diesel, gasoline and engine oil obtained locally. The analytical results obtained by isotope dilution and standard addition methods were in good agreement with each other and also with those of digested samples analyzed by pneumatic nebulization ICP-MS. Under the optimum operating conditions, the detection limits obtained were 0.02 and 0.03 ng mL -1 for Hg and Pb, respectively, in prepared emulsified solutions, corresponding to 0.2 and 0.3 ng mL -1 of Hg and Pb, respectively, in the original fuel samples.

Spatial and temporal variations in Pb concentrations and isotopic composition in road dust, farmland soil and vegetation in proximity to roads since cessation of use of leaded petrol in the UK

“…Road runoff, corrosion of crash barriers, wear of tyres and engine components and exhaust emissions have been identified as minor, but finite, contemporary sources of Pb (eg Hjortenkrans et al, 2006). For example, Chen and Jiang (2009) reported Pb concentrations of 21.6 to 32.3 µg l -1 in diesel, 41.3 µg l -1 in biodiesel, 1.8 µg l -1 in unleaded gasoline and 4.5 µg l -1 in engine oil in Taiwan, while Kummer et al (2009) gave an average value of 17 µg l -1 for the Pb concentration in unleaded gasoline in Europe. Kummer et al (2009) also estimated Pb emission factors of 0.0016 and 0.0049 mg km -1 for tyre wear for cars and heavy duty vehicles, respectively, and corresponding figures for brake wear of 0.0049 and 0.023 mg km -1 .…”

Determination of As, Hg and Pb in herbs using slurry sampling flow injection chemical vapor generation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

“…Furthermore, the masking agent used might also improve 1.0% m/v Flow rate of solutions 0.80 mL min À1 Length of mixing coil 1 10 cm Length of mixing coil 2 10 cm the hydride generation efficiency of some elements. In this work, citric acid (Chen, Zhu, & Wu, 1994), L-cysteine (Chen, Brindle, & Le, 1992;Welz & Sucmanová, 1993), tartaric acid (Chen & Jiang, 2009b) and oxalic acid (Chen & Jiang, 2009b) were tested as masking agents to improve signals of As, Hg and Pb. From the experiments it was found that the addition of 1% m/v citric acid improved the ion signals of As and Hg and hence citric acid was selected as masking agent in this study.…”

The Utilization of Nitrogen Gas as a Carrier Gas in the Determination of Hg Ions Using Cold Vapor-Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (CV-AAS)

“…Several methods for the determination of Hg have been reported in the literature, such as potentiometric titration using iodide ion-selective electrodes and anodic stripping voltammetry [5], and some spectrometric techniques, such as cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS) [6][7], electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) [8], atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) [9], inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [10] and electrothermal vaporization coupled to ICP-MS (ETV-ICP-MS) [11] were already employed for total Hg determination in the samples.…”