Determination of Lead in Water by Linear Sweep Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (LSASV) at Unmodified Carbon Paste Electrode: Optimization of Operating Parameters

Abstract

This study presents the elaboration of a simple and cheap electrode made by carbon paste introduced into a cavity of electrode body, and used for the lead traces determination in tap water. A potentiostatic pre-electrolysis at constant voltage enables the reduction of the lead (Pb 2+ ) and the accumulation of the metallic lead at and into the carbon paste; the reoxidation of the Pb (Linear sweep voltammetry) leads to the anodic striping peak. The effect of the main operating parameters on the shape of the peak and the magnitude of the current was examined and their optimal values were determined. Then calibration was achieved and the method was successfully applied (using all the optimized parameters) to the determination of lead in water, with a detection limit of 0.138 µg•L −1. Compared to other methods (ICP-AES for example), the proposed method offers a satisfactory detection limit of the Pb 2+ (0.138 µg•L −1

A review: Analytical methods for heavy metals determination in environment and human samples

“…coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [29,30], UV-VIS [31], HPLC-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC -ICP -MS) [32], electrophoresis(EP) [33], Anodic striping voltammetry (AVS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for heavy metal determination in different matrix [34,35]. Arida et al showed that the assessment of heavy and toxic metals in the blood and hair by modern analytical techniques in review paper.…”

Fabrication of a novel polyaniline/green‐synthesized, silver‐nanoparticle‐modified carbon paste electrode for electrochemical sensing of lead ions

“…As described before, the lower the potential applied, the more the cathodic current is needed to increase Pb +2 ion reduction, thus increasing its electrodeposition on the electrode surface, which leads to an increase in the oxidation process of Pb 0 to Pb +2. [ 64 ] The current responses for 100 s and 150 s were similar; however, a shorter time was preferred for fast detection. The observed signal decrease with high deposition time and potential was caused by the accumulation and competition of Pb 2+ ions, which hindered them from reaching the electrode surface.…”

Renesansa elektroda s ugljikovom pastom; njihove modifikacije i primjene u potenciometrijskim određivanjima farmaceutika

“…surfactant modified zeolite carbon paste electrode). 7,81,82 Od teških metala, uz pomoć CPE primjenjujući elektroanalitičke tehnike, osim žive 21,83 i bakra, [84][85][86] različiti autori su opisali primjenu CPE za određivanje olova, [86][87][88][89] kadmija, 86,88,90,91 cinka, 86,88 talija, [92][93][94] kositra, 91 bizmuta, 95,96 antimona 97 i dr. Potenciometrijom se uz CPE mogu odrediti maseni udjeli aluminija niži i od 10 −9 . 98 Sve gore navedene elektrode od ugljikove paste pokazale su se kao dovoljno osjetljive, selektivne i pouzdane u određivanju niskih koncentracija ispitivanih analita.…”