Fabrication of a novel polyaniline/green‐synthesized, silver‐nanoparticle‐modified carbon paste electrode for electrochemical sensing of lead ions

Abstract

Green bioreduction silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were fabricated from dry Artemisia leaf extracts and used as a modified layer of an AgNP–polyaniline (PANI)–carbon paste electrode (CPE). PANI was synthesized using interfacial polymerization, and the fabricated PANI was mixed with a CPE. PANI was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), whereas AgNPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis, ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), and polydispersity index (PDI) measurements. The fabricated electrode was used for the electrochemical detection of Pb2+ ions in acetate buffer solution at pH 5.5 using square‐wave voltammetry (SWV). The AgNP/PANI‐CPE electrode provided a linear response to Pb2+ ions in the concentration range of 0.1–120 μM with a detection limit of 0.04 μM. The AgNP/PANI‐CPE electrode exhibited excellent selectivity, reproducibility, and stability in addition to providing good recovery percentages in waste and tap water samples.

The Role of Silver Nanoparticles in Electrochemical Sensors for Aquatic Environmental Analysis

“…In addition to GCE, another robust carbon-based 3D electrode—CPE—can be quickly fabricated, modified with various (nano)materials, and its surface is easy to clean. Although their sensitivity is (usually) lower than that of GCEs, CPEs decorated with AgNPs have proven to be a reliable tool for amperometric detection of synthetic estrogen (nM LOD) [ 84 ], amperometric quantification of nitrites in aquatic solutions (μM LOD) [ 139 ], selective voltammetric reduction of p -nitroaniline in wastewater (nM LOD) [ 175 ], and electrochemical sensing of lead ions in tap water and wastewater specimens (μM LOD) [ 108 ]. Another simple and inexpensive form of a carbon-based electrode, with advantages such as high mechanical strength, good quality, stability, and reproducibility, is the PGE [ 195 ].…”

“…Thus, the significant environmental damage, human exposure, and serious public health issues require the development of rapid and efficient methods for Pb detection. Ganash and Alghamdi [ 108 ] proposed a sensitive and selective strategy for the electrochemical detection of lead ions based on a nanocomposite modified carbon paste electrode (CPE). The WE was prepared by mixing polyaniline (PANI), graphite, and paraffin oil, and the green-synthesized AgNPs were drop casted onto the electrode surface.…”

Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Ficus elastica extract for the electrochemical simultaneous detection of Cd2+, Pb2+, and Hg2+

“…Also, the band at 1130 cm −1 represents the PANI couch's protonation form. 45 Ficus elastica spectrum contains ROR' ethers, carboxylic acids, alkanes, sulfur compounds as well as unsaturated compounds of nitrogen and the aldehydes at 1025, 1256, 1382, 1455, 1634, 2875 cm −1 , respectively. The presence of O-H stretching bond is shown by the broad band around 3419 cm −1 , which relates to polyphenols (avonoids) present in the Ficus elastica plant extract.…”

“…[42][43][44] Aisha et al have found that (PANI)-/ green-synthesized silver-nanoparticle-modied carbon paste electrodes has excellent selectivity in lead sensing in waste and tap water samples with a detection limit of 0.04 mM of Pb 2+ . 45 In another research, Eu 3+ doped NiO modied carbon paste electrode has enabled Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ electrochemical detection with a limit of detection (LOD) around 0.1 and 0.4 mg L −1 for Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ , respectively. 46 Recently, lanthanide-functionalized MOF and nanocomposite of poly(aniline boronic acid)/gum tragacanth stabilized silver nanoparticles (PABA/GT@AgNPs) gave low limits of detection (2.6 and 0.85 nM, respectively) for Hg 2+ .…”

Development of a Novel Electrochemical Sensor Based on Gold Nanoparticle-Modified Carbon-Paste Electrode for the Detection of Congo Red Dye

“…For the preparation of AuNPs as a thin and adherence layer on the top surface of the electrode, the clean and polished CPE was directly immersed in a solution of 2 mM HAuCl 4 •4H 2 O in 0.1 M KCl at room temperature, After that the CV sweep was carried out in the potential range of 0.2 to 1.0 V with desired cyclic number at a scan rate of 50 mV/s. Various numbers (4,8,12,16,20) of CV cycles in the potential range of 0.2-1.0 V at 50 mV/s were performed; the electrode was allowed to dry and was then immersed in 250 µM CR in 0.1 M ABS at pH 6.5, and the SWV response is depicted in Figure 7A. The figure shows that the high-thickness layer demonstrates a higher current response.…”