Determination of l- and d-carnitine in dietary food supplements using capillary electrophoresis–tandem mass spectrometry

Quantitative analysis of trigonelline in some Annona species by proton NMR spectroscopy

“…Physiologically, these substances have osmotic regulatory properties and can act as a methyl group donor 3 . Among these mesoionic-type substances, trigonelline ( Figure 1) is somewhat unique as it displays hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, antitumoral and anti-septic properties 4,5 . Moreover, it is well known that trigonelline plays an important role in the resistance process of plants against several pathogens 6 .…”

Capillary electrophoresis determination of non-protein amino acids as quality markers in foods

“…In this case, the optimized method was applied to the analysis of 22 dietary food supplements showing the use of l-Carn in 21 samples with enantiomeric impurities (d-Carn) up to 6%. The use of racemic Carn (not allowed by the legislation) in one of the food supplements was corroborated which confirmed the need of analytical methodologies to ensure food quality [18].…”

“…The analysis of carnitine enantiomers in 14 infant formulas supplemented with this amino acid enabled the detection of amounts as high as 8% of the toxic enantiomer which exceeded by far the limits established by the European Pharmacopeia [68]. Afterwards, in order to avoid the use of the PFT technique, the method was optimized without this step by using 0.2% (m/v) Succ-␥-CD as chiral selector with a longer length capillary (see Table 2) [18] improving the precision and sensitivity of the previous method (LODs of 10 ng/mL for d/lCarn enantiomers were obtained enabling to detect enantomeric impurities up to 0.025%). In this case, the optimized method was applied to the analysis of 22 dietary food supplements showing the use of l-Carn in 21 samples with enantiomeric impurities (d-Carn) up to 6%.…”

“…In general terms, enantioselective separations may be relevant in different food areas in order to propose quality markers to assess food authenticity and to detect adulterations, to evaluate the effects of processing, fermentation, microbiological activity and storage, to analyze chiral metabolites and to investigate health-promoting compounds or evaluate flavor and fragrance aromas [2,3,15,16]. In the specific case of chiral non-protein amino acids, the analysis of their enantiomers in foods is a very useful tool not only to assess food quality and authenticity [17], but also to evaluate processing, manufacturing of food supplements and detect microbiological contaminations [12,18].…”

Thirty years of capillary electrophoresis in food analysis laboratories: Potential applications

“…Other factors required for using CE methods as routine are as follows: representative sampling, reduction of errors by careful sample handling, proper use of reference standards, use of qualified instrumentation as installation qualification (IQ), operational qualification (OQ), performance qualification (PQ) and a system suitability test (similar to that applied to HPLC methods). Table 1 shows some of the methodologies published in the last 10 years [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] in the analysis of different food components by CE. Although all the methods shown in this table proved some properties that enhance its possible Number of articles applications in routine analysis because of its exhibit speed, low laboriousness and low running cost, in general, the number of samples analyzed is low and some of the methods proposed do not indicate important analytical parameters as the limit of detection or recovery values.…”