Determination of In Vitro True Digestibilities and Relative Feed Values of Wine Industry Grape Residues as Alternative Feed Source

Abstract

Bu çalışma, şarapçılık endüstrisi üzüm atıklarının yem değerlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada yem kaynağı olarak; şarap üretimi sonrası kalan kurutulmuş üzüm cibresi, üzüm çekirdekleri ve yakıt amaçlı üretilen üzüm cibresi peletleri kullanılmıştır. Atıkların, besin madde içerikleri, nispi yem değerleri (NYD), kondanse tanen (KT) içerikleri ve in vitro gerçek sindirilebilirlikleri (IVGS) belirlenmiştir. İn vitro sindirilebilirliklerin belirlenmesinde Daisy inkübatör kullanılmış, elde edilen veriler tek yönlü varyans analizi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Ham protein içerikleri bakımından en düşük değer üzüm çekirdekleri (%11.05 KM), en yüksek değer ise cibre peletlerinde (%13.78 KM) belirlenmiştir. Üzüm çekirdekleri diğer formlardan daha yüksek HY; daha düşük NÖM ve daha yüksek hücre duvarı yapı elemanları içeriğine sahip olmuştur. En düşük in vitro gerçek sindirilebilirlik değerini en yüksek kondanse tanen içeriğine sahip olan cibre peletleri göstermiş, en iyi sindirilebilirlik değeri ise kurutulmuş cibrelerde belirlenmiştir (P<0.001). Kuru madde sindirilebilirliği, kuru madde tüketimi ve NYD dikkate alınarak yapılan sınıflandırmaya göre kuru üzüm cibresinin, diğerlerine kıyasla hayvan besleme açısından daha uygun olduğu söylenebilir. Bununla beraber daha gerçekçi sonuçların ortaya konulabilmesi açısından in vivo hayvan besleme denemelerinin yapılmasına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Anahtar sözcükler: Nispi yem değeri, Pelet, Sindirilebilirlik, Şarapçılık atıkları, Üzüm cibresi Determination of In Vitro True Digestibilities and Relative Feed Values of Wine Industry Grape Residues as Alternative Feed Source AbstractThis study was carried out to determine the feed values of grape wastes of wine industry. In this study, wastes of wine industry; dried grape pomace, grape seeds and grape pomace pellets produced for fuel were used as feed sources. The nutrient contents, relative feed values (RFV), condensed tannin (CT) contents and in vitro true digestibilities (IVTD) of the wastes were determined. Daisy incubator was used to determine the in vitro digestibilities. The obtained data were analysed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). While the lowest crude protein content (11.05% DM) was determined for grape seeds, the highest content (13.78% DM) was determined for pellets. Although grape seeds with a higher ether extract (EE) content than the others, it has a lower nitrogen free extracts (NFE) and higher cell-wall structural components (CWSC). Grape seeds had higher EE and CWSC and lower NFE compared to other forms. While the lowest IVTD value was determined for grape pomace pellets which had highest CT content, the highest digestibility value was determined for dried grape pomace (P<0.001). The dried grape pomace was found superior compared to other forms in terms of dry matter digestibility, dry matter consumption and RFV. However, in vivo animal feeding experiments are needed to attain more reliable results.

Determination of the In Vitro Gas Production and Potential Feed Value of Olive, Mulberry and Sour Orange Tree Leaves

“…As a result of their high nutritive value, and positive effects on rumen function, microbial yields and body metabolism, tree leaves are being increasingly recognized as a potentially high quality feed resource for ruminants, particularly to supply crude protein [ 8 ] and are exploited for livestock feeding as an energy source [ 9 ]. However, the use of tree leaves by herbivores is often restricted by the plants defence or deterrence mechanisms related to high tannin and phenolic matter contents [ 10 , 11 ]. Potential animal fodder plants include: Olea europaea L .…”

Determining Potential Feed Value and Silage Quality of Guar Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) Silages

“…This variation resulted from soil structure, species difference, fertilizers, and many other factors such as silage material DM, NFE contents, and silage fermentation differences [ 21 ]. The condensed tannin (CT) content determined in the guar silage would not adversely affect the ruminants consumption, because it was below the level 5%, which limits its use in animal feeding [ 3 ]. This may be due to the fermentation degradation of tannin compounds (Hydrocyanic acid) which may be present in the fresh material.…”

“…However, forage insufficiency is a very important problem in ruminant nutrition. Consequently, some of the shrubs, thorny plants and tree leaves can be used as alternative forages, especially in the wintertime [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. It is believed that guar bean (Cluster bean = Cyamopsis tetragonoloba ) will contribute to closing the forage gap [ 4 ].…”