Determination of In-line process viscosity using static mixers

The application of process analytical technologies (PAT) to the dairy industry for real time product characterization - process viscometry

“…This is possible by relating the shear rate in a pipe to the pressure drop as a consequence of two consecutive static mixers (of known geometry) in combination with flowrate (Arzate, Reglat, & Tanguy, 2004). Arzate et al (2004) investigated the reliability of using the static mixer system to measure dynamic viscosity of three different fluids that had different rheological properties (starch suspensions of increasing concentrations, cooked starch at 40 o C and paper coating colour formulations) at an industrial scale. The authors found the inline static mixer system successfully determined the viscosity of starch suspensions of increasing concentrations.…”

Novel viscosity determination method: Validation and application to fuel flow

“…The exploitation of pressure measures, in case of capillary flow but not only, is known to give access to the dynamic viscosity [8]- [10]. The experimental methods found for the viscosity determination use rheometer [8], resonating tubes [7], commercial capillary and falling-body viscometer [9]- [11], optical methods [12].…”

“…The experimental methods found for the viscosity determination use rheometer [8], resonating tubes [7], commercial capillary and falling-body viscometer [9]- [11], optical methods [12]. They are mainly indirect methods and the kinematic viscosity is often deduced from the dynamic one by using the density [7], [10], [12]. Nevertheless, most of the studies are related to pure fluid [7], obviously to single phase flow [7], [8] and to standard conditions.…”

“…Indeed, many works are focusing on viscosity determination of oil and heavy petroleum cuts [8], [13]- [15]. But few results are dedicated to kerosene or hydrocarbons mixtures and only at low temperature conditions [10], [16]. The pressure effect is more easily observed despite it is of lower importance [17].…”

“…The one of Arzate et al can be mentioned because it is applied directly onto a process line with online measure but it is not possible to consider reacting flow [10]. Al-Ghouti et al [20] propose an interesting technique based on FTIR signal to determine the Viscosity Index (linked to the viscosity variation under thermal gradient) which could be tested under high temperature and pressure conditions.…”