Determination of ileal digestibility of amino acids in raw materials for broiler chickens – Results of collaborative studies and assay recommendations

Ravindran, V.; Adeola, O.; Rodehutscord, M.; Kluth, H.; Klis, J.D. van der; Eerden, E. van; Helmbrecht, A.

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.01.006

Cited by 55 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…On day 21, birds were randomly distributed to 78 wire-floored metabolism cages (6 birds per cage) and offered one of 12 experimental diets ( Table 1 ; 6 replicate cages per diet) from day 21 to 28 or a N-free diet (from day 25–28). The experimental diets were based on the standardized ileal AA digestibility assay protocol ( Ravindran et al., 2017 ) and were based on corn, SBM, or a mixture of corn and SBM ( Table 1 ). Each diet was fed without or with phytase (RONOZYME HiPhos, DSM Nutritional Products, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland, 3,000 FYT/kg feed), protease (RONOZYME ProAct, DSM Nutritional Products, 15,000 PROT/kg feed), or a combination of phytase and protease (at the same inclusion concentration).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One phytase unit ( FYT ) is defined as the quantity of enzyme which liberates 1 μmol of inorganic phosphate per minute from 5.0 μmol/L sodium phytate at pH 5.5 and 37°C. Birds that received the N-free diet received the commercial starter diet until day 25 ( Ravindran et al., 2017 ). All diets contained titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ; 5 g/kg) as an indigestible marker.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, assessment of these “basal” endogenous losses is not trivial and requires some compromise on methodological approach ( Ravindran et al., 2004 , Ravindran and Hendriks, 2004 ). Despite this, the importance of ensuring additivity in formulations has prompted a collaborative initiative to explore the potential of standardizing methodology for the assessment of digestibility of amino acid ( AA ) to account for basal endogenous AA ( EAA ) loss ( Ravindran et al., 2017 ). It is likely that similar adjustments will eventually prove necessary for energy systems and perhaps also for other nutrients such as calcium and phosphorus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward standardized amino acid matrices for exogenous phytase and protease in corn–soybean meal–based diets for broilers

et al. 2020

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A total of 468 male Ross 308 broilers were used in a digestibility study to determine the additivity of apparent or standardized amino acid ( AA ) digestibility values for corn, soybean meal ( SBM ), or a mixture of corn and SBM that were supplemented, or not, with either phytase, protease, or a combination of phytase and protease. These treatments generated a total of 12 experimental diets that were arranged in a 3 × 4 design. A nitrogen-free diet was also fed to estimate endogenous AA loss. Apparent and standardized AA digestibility values were assessed on day 28 posthatch. The apparent digestibility of AA in the complete diet was higher ( P < 0.05) than expected based on the digestibility of the corn and SBM individually. However, this overestimation was corrected by the adjustment to standardized values. Importantly, addition of protease or the combination of protease and phytase increased ( P < 0.05) the digestibility of AA in corn and SBM. Furthermore, these effects were arithmetically coherent with respect to the measured effects of the enzymes in the mixture of corn and SBM, even improving the additivity of AA digestibility values when assessed on an apparent basis. This study demonstrates that the effect of exogenous protease and phytase on AA digestibility in complete diets is predictable based on measurements made in individual ingredients. In addition to improving digestibility values per se , exogenous protease and phytase may enhance precision in least cost formulation systems.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward standardized amino acid matrices for exogenous phytase and protease in corn–soybean meal–based diets for broilers

et al. 2020

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“…It would be worthwhile to demonstrate whether and to which extent the increased amino acid flow at the terminal ileum is of endogenous origin e.g. by using a highly digestible uniformly 15 N labelled protein source. For the time being it is assumed that the increase in amino acid content in digesta at the terminal ileal with increasing protein content of the diet should be ascribed to an incomplete ileal digestibility of the highly digestible protein source.…”

Section: Hdp Ehc and Reg Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amount and amino acid composition of basal endogenous protein losses at the terminal ileum of broilers

Blok¹,

Jansman²,

Makkink³

2017

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“…Rodehutscord, 2006, 2009). Generally, for an improved validity of the observed AA digestibility data, a standard type of experiment is required taking into account more than the procedure of chyme sampling (Ravindran et al, 2017).…”

Section: Future Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invited review: Further progress is needed in procedures for the biological evaluation of dietary protein quality in pig and poultry feeds

Liebert

2017

Arch. Anim. Breed.

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Abstract. Recently, biological procedures for feed protein evaluation in pig and poultry diets have been based on the amino acid composition of feed ingredients considering the animal's losses during processes of digestion or total protein utilization in a different manner. Such a development towards individual amino acids (AAs) was inevitable according to the disadvantage of traditional protein quality measures, like biological value (BV) or net protein utilization (NPU), to be non-additive in complex animal diets. In consequence, such measures are generally not suitable for predicting the final protein quality of protein mixtures from the individual protein value of feed ingredients. Otherwise, recent measures of AA disappearance from the small intestine up to the end of the ileum (ileal AA digestibility) also do not provide a true reflection of the biological availability of individual feed AAs independent of the extent of taking into account endogenous AA losses during digestion processes. Sophisticated procedures for protein evaluation are needed considering the AA losses, both during absorption and utilization after absorption. Advantages and limitations of important developments in procedures are discussed. Accordingly, the development of an exponential modelling approach is described (the "Göttingen approach"), which overcomes some of the traditional disadvantages by measuring the individual AA efficiency. Connecting feed protein evaluation, the modelling of quantitative AA requirements, and improved ideal protein concepts offers different fields of application. In addition, as demonstrated by example, the modelling of nitrogen losses per unit protein deposition and the minimizing of this parameter yields a further interesting tool for lowering the nitrogen burden from protein utilization processes. Finally, it is pointed out that traditional laboratory procedures also need to be updated, adapted to current knowledge, and validated according to the increasing hurdles for animal studies from the viewpoint of animal welfare. Modelling is a procedure with the potential to reduce the number of experimental animals significantly. This development needs more attention, higher acceptance, and wider application in the future of protein evaluation.

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Determination of ileal digestibility of amino acids in raw materials for broiler chickens – Results of collaborative studies and assay recommendations

Cited by 55 publications

References 23 publications

Toward standardized amino acid matrices for exogenous phytase and protease in corn–soybean meal–based diets for broilers

Toward standardized amino acid matrices for exogenous phytase and protease in corn–soybean meal–based diets for broilers

Amount and amino acid composition of basal endogenous protein losses at the terminal ileum of broilers

Invited review: Further progress is needed in procedures for the biological evaluation of dietary protein quality in pig and poultry feeds

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