Determination of hydroxy acids in cosmetics by chemometric experimental design and cyclodextrin‐modified capillary electrophoresis

Abstract

A CD-modified CE method was established for quantitative determination of seven hydroxy acids in cosmetic products. This method involved chemometric experimental design aspects, including fractional factorial design and central composite design. Chemometric experimental design was used to enhance the method's separation capability and to explore the interactions between parameters. Compared to the traditional investigation that uses multiple parameters, the method that used chemometric experimental design was less time-consuming and lower in cost. In this study, the influences of three experimental variables (phosphate concentration, surfactant concentration, and methanol percentage) on the experimental response were investigated by applying a chromatographic resolution statistic function. The optimized conditions were as follows: a running buffer of 150 mM phosphate solution (pH 7) containing 0.5 mM CTAB, 3 mM γ-CD, and 25% methanol; 20 s sample injection at 0.5 psi; a separation voltage of -15 kV; temperature was set at 25°C; and UV detection at 200 nm. The seven hydroxy acids were well separated in less than 10 min. The LOD (S/N = 3) was 625 nM for both salicylic acid and mandelic acid. The correlation coefficient of the regression curve was greater than 0.998. The RSD and relative error values were all less than 9.21%. After optimization and validation, this simple and rapid analysis method was considered to be established and was successfully applied to several commercial cosmetic products.

Standardized extract of wild apple fruit in alkyl‐polyglucoside‐based cosmetic cream – estimation of stability, safety, antioxidant activity and efficiency

“…Total content of all determined AHAs in investigated EW was 3501.96 ± 10.89 mg 100 g −1 EW and in EM was 171.14 ± 32.16 mg 100 g −1 EM. The content of these natural anti‐age moisturizers, antioxidants and exfoliants in our EW was 3.5%, whereas in EM was 0.17%. Total content of AHAs in EM corresponded to the amount of added EW (6%).…”

“…Lactic acid could be synthesized by reduction of pyruvic acid or transformation of malic acid. Detected concentrations of succinic, malic, tartaric and lactic acids in investigated samples EW and EM might indicate that these acids might be responsible for the efficiency of cosmetic cream EM .…”

“…Lactic acid could be synthesized by reduction of pyruvic acid or transformation of malic acid. Detected concentrations of succinic, malic, tartaric and lactic acids in investigated samples EW and EM might indicate that these acids might be responsible for the efficiency of cosmetic cream EM [3,7,[25][26][27]. Total content of all determined AHAs in investigated EW was 3501.96 AE 10.89 mg 100 g À1 EW and in EM was 171.14 AE 32.16 mg 100 g À1 EM.…”

Stability, antioxidant activity, in vivo safety and efficacy of creams with standardized wild apple fruit extract: a comparison of conventional and biodegradable emulsifiers

“…This might certainly point to the influence of used mixed emulsifiers on the content of FAs in cosmetic creams with EW. Detected FAs (succinic, malic and tartaric acids), in the highest concentration in the examined CEW, might be responsible for the efficacy of the cosmetic cream CEW .…”

Assessment of repeatability of composition of perfumed waters by high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with numerical data analysis based on cluster analysis (HPLC UV/VIS – CA)

“…Chemometric methods have been combined with various analytical techniques that allow preliminary separation of components, including gas chromatography [5][6][7][8][9][10], high-performance liquid chromatography [11][12][13][14][15][16] and capillary electrophoresis [17], often coupled with detectors such as UV/VIS spectrophotometry [18,19] and mass spectrometry [10,[20][21][22][23][24]. Applications have also been found for spectroscopic techniques: Raman spectroscopy [25][26][27][28] [29][30][31][32][33][34], reflectance-infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) [35] and fluorescence spectroscopy [36][37][38].…”