Determination of hydrolyzable tannins in the fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz. by high‐performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis

Abstract

A RP-HPLC method for determining fourteen components (gallic acid, chebulic acid, 1,6-di-O-galloyl-D-glucose, punicalagin, 3,4,6-tri-O-galloyl-D-glucose, casuarinin, chebulanin, corilagin, neochebulinic acid, terchebulin, ellagic acid, chebulagic acid, chebulinic acid, and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-D-glucose) in the fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz. is described. The separation was achieved within 80 min using a binary gradient with mobile phases consisting of a pH 2.7 phosphoric acid solution and an 80% CH3CN solution. Capillary electrophoretic analyses were also attempted, and it was found that CZE (25 mM Na2B4O7, 5 mM NaH2PO4, pH 7.0) was an efficient method for the separation of gallotannins, while an MEKC method (25 mM Na2B4O7, 5 mM NaH2PO4, 20 mM SDS, pH 7.0, and 10% acetonitrile) provided a better separation for most of the tannins examined. The HPLC and CE methods developed were both successfully applied to the assay of tannins in commercial samples of Chebulae Fructus.

The development of Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae) in clinical research

“…The tannins of T. chebula are of pyrogallol ( [12] . Other constituents include phenolics such as chebulinic acid, ellagic acid and anthraquinones.…”

“…Triterpenoid glycosides such as chebulosides I and II, arjunin, arjunglucoside, 2α-hydroxyursolic acid and 2α-hydroxymicromiric acid also have been reported [20] . The leaves were found to contain polyphenols such as punicalin, punicalagin, terflavins B, C, and D [12,21,22] . The plant is found to contain phloroglucimol and pyrogallol, along with phenolic acids such as ferulic, p-coumaric, caffeic and vanillic acids [23] .…”

“…Ethanol extract T. chebula was found to prevent the hepatotoxiocity caused by the adminstration of rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide (combination) in sub-chronic model (12 weeks) [37] . Protective effects of an aqueous extract of T. chebula fruit on the tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative injury was observed in cultured rat primary hepatocytes and rat liver have also been documented [28,29] .…”

HPLC Analysis and Standardization of Arjunarishta – An Ayurvedic Cardioprotective Formulation

“…A reported method for analysis of polyphenolics of Terminalia chebula fruit, the major ingredient used in this formulation, achieved the separation of the hydrolysable tannins at pH 2.5-4.5 with acetonitrile as the suitable organic modifier [12]. However, the flavonoids showed very high retention time (>75 minutes) with the reported method.…”

Evaluation of <em>in-vitro</em> Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Chebulinic Acid From <em>Terminalia Chebula</em> Linn. Against the Denaturation of Protein

“…Its hydrolytic products are gallic acid, ellagic acid, mono and di-galloyl derivatives and chebulic acid (figure 1). Mention of hydrolytic product is of importance as many of its principle preparations (ayurvedic) involve preparation of decoction of the fruit; and it is likely that during making of the formulations chebulinic acid is hydrolysed and they in turn may be biologically active [2,3]. Terminalia chebula and its preparations are mainly indicated for gastro-intestinal disorders and most dreaded gastro-intestinal disorders (gastric ulcers, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis) arise due to inflammation only.…”