Determination of hydrogen cyanide in residential ambient air using SPME coupled with GC–MS

Phenylacetonitrile in locusts facilitates an antipredator defense by acting as an olfactory aposematic signal and cyanide precursor

“…The calibration curves of the relation between the peak areas of HCN ion 27 and the corresponding dosages were developed under the same GC-MS condition as described above. Last, the concentration of HCN in 500 μl of headspace gas (indicated in micrograms per milliliter) of one sample was converted into the concentration of parts per billion (ppbv) HCN in a glass vial containing five living nymphs by using the following equation described by Zain et al ( 47 ): HCN concentration (ppbv) = (HCN per locust from GC-MS result × volume of nymphs in a glass vial)/headspace gas volume in a glass vial × 1.10 μg/m 3 . In this equation, the average volumes of the headspace gas and nymphs were determined as 18 and 2 ml, respectively, by adding water into 20-ml vials (fig.…”

“…In this equation, the average volumes of the headspace gas and nymphs were determined as 18 and 2 ml, respectively, by adding water into 20-ml vials (fig. S18), and 1.10 μg/m 3 was set as the conversion factor of HCN in air ( 47 ).…”

Recent Applications and Newly Developed Strategies of Solid-Phase Microextraction in Contaminant Analysis: Through the Environment to Humans

“…This article shows how in urban areas with highly contaminated air, 20 mL vials can be used for the collection of air samples, and a 100 µm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber can be used to sufficiently preconcentrate the analytes before the analysis with GC-MS. Exposure to ambient HCN concentration in a residential area close to a gold mine was assessed by SPME using 75 µm CAR/PDMS fiber [10]. Given the low detection limit, this method provides promising results for monitoring ambient HCN concentrations, and at the same time, minimizes the work for sample preparation, reducing the time and cost of the monitoring.…”

“…Six structurally different PILs were crosslinked to nitinol supports and applied for the determination of phenols, and multiclass insecticides. Superior extraction performance compared to the other studied PILs was achieved by the PIL-based sorbent coating polymerized from the IL monomer 1-vinyl-3-(10-hydroxydecyl) imidazolium chloride [VC 10 OHIM][Cl] and IL crosslinker 1,12-di(3-vinylbenzylimidazolium) dodecane dichloride [(VBIM) 2 C 12 ] 2[Cl]. ILs were used as coatings also for the particular design of the capillary for IT-SPME system, called fiber-in-tube SPME.…”