The paper investigates the process of electroerosive diamond grinding by changing the polarity of electrodes in time in the cutting zone for processing various materials, and the distance between the grains is determined. The study aims to determine the effect on the distance between the grains of the electrical modes of electrical discharge grinding (ED grinding) and the characteristics of the wheel using the mathematical method of planning experiments. The planning of the experiment gave the result with the smallest error and made it possible to minimize the number of experiments. As a result of experimental studies, a mathematical model of the distance between grains has been constructed. This model considers the electrical process modes and the wheel characteristics. For various values of electrical modes and the wheel characteristics, using the functional dependence, it is possible to determine the distance between the grains. It was found that the most significant factors that affect the distance between grains are the frequency and relative pulse duration, grain size, and concentration of diamond wheels. The study results obtained allow using the functional dependence to calculate the grinding process's productivity, assess the cutting ability, and simulate the wear of the wheels without lengthy and expensive experimental studies.