Determination of Herbicides and Its Metabolite in Soil and Water Samples by Capillary Electrophoresis-laser Induced Fluorescence Detection Using Microwave-assisted Derivatization

Abstract

Methods were developed to determine glufosinate (GLUF), glyphosate (GLYP) and its metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) by capillary electrophoresis-laser induced fluorescence detection using 5-(4,6-dichlorotriazinylamino) fluorescein (DTAF) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) as the derivatizing reagents. To accelerate the labeling speed, a microwave-assisted derivatization method was adopted. The derivatizing reaction time was reduced to 180 and 150 s for DTAF and FITC, whose reaction time for conventional labeling was 50 min and 5 h, respectively. The optimum separation conditions for derivatives were as follows: a back ground electrolyte (BGE) of 30 mmol L -1 sodium tetraborate containing 15 mmol L -1 brij-35, hydrodynamic injection 15 s and a 10 kV separation voltage. Under these conditions, the LODs (S/N = 3) for DTAF derivatives were 0.32, 0.19 and 0.15 nmol L -1 for GLUF, GLYP, and AMPA, respectively. The LODs (S/N = 3) for FITC derivatives were 2.60, 3.88 and 2.42 nmol L -1 for GLUF, GLYP, and AMPA, respectively. The applicability of the developed method was demonstrated by the detection of the above herbicides and metabolite in water and soil samples.

Glyphosate Residues in Soil and Air: An Integrated Review

“…Capillary electrophoresis methods have been reported in recent years using detection systems such as contactless conductivity, electrochemiluminescence [100], and laser-induced fluorescence [101,102], as reviewed by Gauglitz et al [103]. Ion chromatography [104], electrochemical method, surface resonance-enhanced spectrometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay also called ELISA methods [87], spectrophotometry [73,85], and fluorescent spectrometry [50,55,57,75,78,80,90,96] were also reported to detect GLY in current literatures.…”

Microalgae amino acid extraction and analysis at nanomolar level using electroporation and capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detection

“…Borate buffer was used as the BGE because it provides a stable EOF as reported by several authors [4]. As shown in Fig.…”

“…Derivatization can be obtained after incubation, in the dark, at room temperature for 16 h [33,34] or at 50°C for 5 h [35,36]. Cao et al [4] also proposed a microwave (MW)-assisted derivatization approach to accelerate labeling reaction kinetics and hence to reduce derivatization time to 150 s. In inorganic and organic chemistry, microwave technology has been used since the late 1970s and the mid-1980s, respectively. The main advantages of microwave assisted organic synthesis are solvent-free use, shorter reaction times, and expanded reaction range which make this technique very interesting [37].…”

“…Thus, quantitative and qualitative analysis of amino acids is critical [1][2][3]. Detection of amino acids from different matrices at trace levels is difficult due to their physicochemical properties, such as absence of chromophores, amphotericity, non-volatile nature, high polarity, and complexation with metal ions [4]. Several analytical methods for analyzing amino acids have been reported in the literature based on chromatographic [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] and electrophoretic methodologies [12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Microwave-assisted Derivatization of Fatty Acids for Its Measurement in Milk Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

“…31,32 Microwave heating has been successfully used in wide varieties of derivatization techniques for quantitative analysis. 30,[33][34][35] MAD has become a part of routine operating procedures in many laboratories, and been used in the GC/MS analysis of steroids, 34,36 phenolic acids, 37,38 fatty acids, 39,40 and urinary metabolites. 30,41,42 Moreover, microwave irradiation can also enhance the hydrolysis of the esters bond during the saponification of milk samples.…”