Determination of heavy metals in surface soils around the brick kilns in an arid region, Iran

Abstract

There is an increasing demand for the development of brick kilns area in Iran, which emit a considerable amount of pollutants to environment. The present study aimed to investigate the extent of soil contamination by heavy metals around the brick kiln area in Aran-o-Bidgol city. The correlation coefficients, analysis of variance, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, soil contamination indices and interpolation technique were utilized to investigate the soil contamination and pinpoint the possible sources of contamination. The Results showed the average concentration of all heavy metals were greater than background values and soils were contaminated by heavy metals to some extent. Results also indicated that copper, nickel and zinc had simultaneously emanated from anthropogenic including agricultural activities and urban emissions while the sources of cadmium and lead could mostly be attributed to different anthropogenic activities including brick kilns and related transportation. The distribution maps revealed that the brick kilns emissions had only affected the concentrations of cadmium and lead to some degree.

Apportionment of Hazardous Elements in Agricultural Soils Around the Vicinity of Brick Kiln in Bangladesh

“…As soil pollution arising from brick kiln, the study area have raised attention due to its environmental pollution which is facing serious threats due to elemental pollution originated from the rapid expansion, congestion, and activities from brick kilns [12]. Several studies have reported the concentration of hazardous elements in agricultural soils due to brick kiln in Bangladesh [13][14][15]. The main aim to present research are to address the problem of hazardous elements like Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb around brick kiln area soils and to find out the ecological risk of such hazardous elements in soils around brick kiln area in Bangladesh.…”

Artisan Brick Kilns: State-of-the-Art and Future Trends

“…Several studies about the manufacture of handmade bricks show that pollutant gases are emitted such as SOx, NOx, CO, CO 2 , particulate matter (PM) or total suspended particulates (TSP)-particles that pass through a size-selective inlet with a 50% cut-off at 1, 2.5 and 10 µm aerodynamic diameter (PM 1 , PM 2.5 and PM 10 , respectively)-metals (Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cd, Fe, Mn), fluorides and organic compounds (methane, ethane, volatile organic compounds (VOCs)), persistent organic compounds (POPs) and some hazardous air pollutants such as hydrogen chloride (HCl) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) [64][65][66][67][68][69]. Akinshipe and Kornelius [69] reported that the contribution of brick production to global emissions of black carbon, organic carbon, PM 1 , SO 2 and CO is 5.5%, 2.6%, 1.6%, 2.9% and 1.6%, respectively.…”

Assessment of Soil Fertility and Crop Nutrient Status in Agricultural Soils Near a Brick Kiln Cluster

“…The calculated coefficient of variation (CV) was 41.23% and 29.21%, indicating moderate variation, which expresses heterogeneous contingency (Zhou et al, 2016), indicating that the sources of heavy metal were not natural, the sources were anthropogenic. Dey and Dey (2017) and Ravankhah et al (2017) reported the heavy metals, i.e., Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni as a major environmental impact factor near brick kilns. The correlation matrix among the soil nutrient factors shows a highly significant positive correlation (p < 0.001), i.e., with soil OM and soil N, P, Na, K, Ca, and Mg but negative correlations with the soil Cd and Pb concentrations in the agricultural sites near the brick kiln cluster (Table 3).…”

“…The burning of enormous C and N in brick kiln degrades the soils and poses a threat to the environment by provoking atmospheric pollution and climate change (Khan et al, 2007b). In the agricultural soil of the brick kiln area, the concentrations of Cd and Pb were found to be more than the regulatory standards imposed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (Ismail et al, 2012;Ravankhah, Mirzaei, & Masoum, 2017).…”