Determination of Hansen Solubility Parameters by Means of Gas-Solid Inverse Gas Chromatography

Abstract

The determination of Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSP) from inverse gas chromatographic (IGC) data for a group of nano-materials and modified nano-materials is presented and discussed. The solubility parameter concept is applied in many industries to explain the different properties of the various components in a formulation. Knowledge of the solubility parameter data for different components is important for predicting the magnitude of the interaction between the formulation components and the future stability of the product. Solubility parameter data are also useful in the description and interpretation of different phenomena occurring between materials such as their miscibility, compatibility or adsorption. The inverse gas chromatography method is widely used for the characterization of polymers and polymer blends, surfactants, biopolymers, solid food and petroleum pitches. The method involves placing the investigated material (stationary phase) in a column and then characterizing it using volatile probes with known properties (test solutes) which are carried by a mobile phase. The solubility parameter called the Hildebrand solubility parameter or the Hildebrand parameter is only applied for regular solutions. The so-called Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) is an extension of the Hildebrand solubility parameter to polar and hydrogen-bonding systems. Hansen assumed that the cohesive energy can be considered as the sum of the contributions from dispersive (Ed), polar (Ep) and hydrogen-bonding (Eh) interactions: –Ecoh = –Ed – Ep – Eh; and that the total solubility parameter (δT) may be expressed as δT2 = δd2 + δp2 + δ2h, where δp, δp and δh denote the dispersive, polar and hydrogen-bonding contribution, respectively. The estimation of HSP from IGC data for a group of nano-materials and modified nano-materials is presented and discussed here.

Surface characterization of 1-butyl-1-ethylpiperidinium bromide by inverse gas chromatography

“…The discrepancy between the results calculated by these methods increases with temperature. This trend is in line with the results presented in pertinent literature [58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66].…”

The dependence of the measured surface energy of graphene on nanosheet size

“…(22) Whilst techniques such as contact angle require a smooth flat surface to measure surface energy, IGC holds the advantage in that it can be used on particulates, flakes, powders or films. Although IGC is usually used for measuring surface energy of solids,(23) it also has other applications such as measuring surface area,(24) solubility parameters (25) and glass transition temperatures in polymers. (26) In IGC, known probe solvents such as n-alkanes are injected into a column packed with the sample to be examined.…”

Determination of Hansen Parameters of Nanoparticles: A Comparison of Two Methods Using Titania, Carbon Black, and Silicon/Carbon Composite Materials

“…[2] Voelkel et al found similar HSPs determined via gas-solid inverse gas chromatography to those determined by the visual observation of nano-oxide dispersions of hematite and goethite. [15] Likewise, Wieneke et al used both visual inspection and dynamic light scattering (DLS) of titanium dioxide and hydroxyapatite dispersions to evaluate HSPs. [16] Tsutsumi et al determined HSPs of silica particles (∼1 μm) using a capillary penetration method, compared them to HSPs determined via DLS, and found comparable results.…”

“…found similar HSPs determined via gas‐solid inverse gas chromatography to those determined by the visual observation of nano‐oxide dispersions of hematite and goethite. [ 15 ] Likewise, Wieneke et al. used both visual inspection and dynamic light scattering (DLS) of titanium dioxide and hydroxyapatite dispersions to evaluate HSPs.…”